Christopher Columbus

Leif Ericson

• A Norse explorer regarded as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland),
• 500 years before Christopher Columbus.
• According to the Sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, tentatively identified with the Norse L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland in modern-day Canada.

John Smith

•  Took control of Jamestown
• Announced that "He that will not work shall not eat."
• Extended the wall around Jamestown to make it a fortress
• Influenced trading
• Injured, returned to England

John Winthrop

Leader of the Puritans

"City upon the hill"

Thomas Hooker

Anne Hutchinson

• Believed that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister or bible
• Conducted discussions that challenged church authority
• Banned from Massachusetts, also fled to Rhode Island

Roger Williams

King Phillip

New England colonists began expanding into Native American land

•Population 1670 – 45,000

•Metacom ( Chief of the Wampanoag Tribe)

–Called King Phillip by the English

•Attacked and destroyed 12 towns and killed more than 600 colonists

•Eventually captured and sold into slavery in the West Indies

William Penn

• Founder of Pennyslvania 
• Became a large landowner in America
  Was a Quaker
• Born to a wealthy English family
• Was granted land by King Charles II
• Used the land to create a colony where Quakers could live according to their beliefs
• Pennsylvania- Native Americans treated fairly, welcomed different religions, and equality

Lord Baltimore

• Baltimore, MD named after him
• Promised freedom to settlers if they went to Maryland
• Made Baltimore a haven for Catholics

Nathanial Bacon

• was a colonist of the Virginia Colony,
•  famous as the instigator of Bacon's Rebellion of 1676,
• which collapsed when Bacon himself died from dysentery.

James Oglethorpe

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange also known as the Grand Exchange

•  was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

Conquistadors

• were soldiers, explorers, and adventurers at the service of the Spanish Empire.
• They sailed beyond Europe, conquering territory and opening trade routes.
• They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries.           

Smallpox

Atlantic Slave Trade

Part of the social and economic system

•Slaves were people captured in war

•Slave traders set up ports along the West African coast

•Africans would go inland to capture slaves

•Loaded onto European vessels

Roanoke

• An attempt, located in North Carolina, to establish a permanent English settlement in the New World.
• It is referred to as "the Lost Colony" because the fate of the colonists is still unknown.

Jamestown

• The first truly permanent English settlement in the New World.
• Chartered by King James I, it came dangerously close to wiping out completely, but miraculously recovered with the help of John Smith.
• Its cash crop was tobacco.

Significance of Tobacco

• Provided real wealth for Jamestown by acting as a cash crop
• Was the only thing that kept the colony alive economically

Plymouth

• Plymouth was the site of the colony founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, passengers of the famous ship the Mayflower.
• Plymouth is where New England was first established. 
• It is the oldest municipality in New England and one of the oldest in the United States. 
• Place of First Thanksgiving feast.  

Puritans

Wanted to reform the Church of England

–Purify it

•Mass migration to New England in the 1630s

•Led by John Winthrop

–“City upon a hill”

•Created a General Court

•Believed that the Church had supreme power

•Only allowed Puritans to vote

•Founded Harvard to educate ministers

New England Colonies

Religion played a central role

•Boston became the largest city

•Became an area of small farms and towns

Middle Colonies

Why were these colonies called the Middle colonies?

Mostly farmers

 –Land along the Hudson and Delaware were very fertile

 –Mild Winters

 •Goods were sent to New England to be shipped

 •Some slaves, but not a lot

 •Some craftsmen, artisans

Southern Colonies

Everything south of the Mason-Dixon line

•Very different from the other English colonies

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

It was a set of laws that:

1. extended voting rights to non-church members

2. limited the power of governor

3.expanded representative government

4. made Connecticut more democratic

Quakers

• Despised in England

  •Believed…

  –All people were equal in God’s eyes

  –Pacifists

  •Given a charter for the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681

  •William Penn – Founder and leader

Act of Toleration

Originated in Maryland which was Founded by Sir George Calvert and his son Lord Baltimore in 1634

•Passed the Act of Toleration

–Religious freedom was granted to all Christians

•Women were allowed to own land

Bacon's Rebellion

1676

•Wealthy planters controlled the best lands

•Nathanial Bacon and several hundred followers began raiding Native American lands

•Also burned down Jamestown

•Rebellion fell apart when Bacon died

Middle Passage

Important ideas in the

Mayflower Compact

It helped establish the ideas of:

self government and

majority rules

Pilgrims

Early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts

They were seeking religious freedom

 The colony, established in 1620, became the second successful English Colony