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| Medina to the North of Spain and up to Cen. Asia |
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| *632 Muhammad dies, elders elect Abu Bakr |
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| He makes sure that Polytheism does not happen again and kept Islam intact |
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| military force behind Abu Bakr |
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Arabs vs Byzantine
Arabs won!!!
Used small striking forces |
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Arabs vs Byzantine
Arabs won!!!!
They defeated a bigger Byzantine Army.
It opened up the Arabs to the Mediterrian, |
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Arabs vs Sassains (Persians)
Arabs won!!!
Using dust storms. |
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He defeated the Byzantines in Egypt
He made a deal to defeat the Byzantines |
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| Reasons for Expansion: Military |
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Definition
*Arabs used small and quick tactics compares to big and slow armies.
*Amsar--new converts to Islam. moved them to Garrasion City. Same strategy every time |
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| Reasons for Expansion: Religion |
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*Jihad--something defensive concept if attack, respond w/ Jihad to struggle or to strive
*Turing Jihad 4rm defensive---> offensive |
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| Reasons for Expansion: Economic |
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Definition
| When Arabs win battles, they divide it up. 90% goes to the soldiers and 10% goes to the Medina |
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| Byzantines vs the Sassanians (Persians) fighting for 800yrs. The Muslims vacuumed it up. |
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| Greek orthodox vs non orthodox Christian and Jews |
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| Msutims stronger, Byzantine weaker, pple switching sides |
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*Berber--a member of a Caucasoid Muslim people of N Africa
*711--Tariq
*732--Tours |
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| *Qataiba Ibn Muslim, he Expanded to Asia, Aranbs defeat Chinese |
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| Arabs traded a lot and brought religion w/them |
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| Mystical Muslims, they meditated on religion based on love, very peace w/them |
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| Beginnings of the Sunni-Shia split |
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Shia-believed that Muhammad's decendants should be ruler
Sunni (Umayyads)thinks that anyone qualified should ruler |
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Definition
1. Old Pious Muslims remembered being persecuted by Umayyad clan
2. Quaran Reciters (they had memorized the Quaran word 4 word), when Quaran get's written down, they lose their jobs
3. Tribal Armies-Expansion slowed down, not getting paid) |
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| those three groups got pissed at Uthman and he got killed |
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| He was his brother and cousin |
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| Aisha (Muhammad's wife) vs Ali |
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Ali vs Mu'awaiya
Stalemate |
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| One of Ali's sons. Believed to be a spiritual person |
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| when he returns, he will be Al-Mahdi cleansing the world of Sunnis |
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| Each Immas have special incarnate powers called Ijtihad (Interpretation) |
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Definition
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Qu'ran-Revelations to the prophet Gabriel
Hadith-quotations from Muhammad
Sunna-traditions of the prophet Muhammad how to live their life |
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Definition
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