Term
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Definition
| Dorsal shell of a chelonian |
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Term
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Definition
| Ventral shell of a chelonian |
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Term
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Definition
| Piece of shell connecting the carapce and the plastron |
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Term
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Definition
Lateral undulation: uses ribs to move in a caudally-moving wave, which pushes against unyeilding portions of the environment, resulting in forward motion.
Rectilinear locomotion: uses scales as small feet, doesn't use ribs. Small, discrete motions for stalking. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slit at the caudal aspect of a snake's body, base of the tail. Contains cloaca and reproductive organs of male. |
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Term
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Definition
| Male boas and pythons have cloacal spurs for use in sex, derived from vestigial parts of the pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bony deposits of the dermis that produce scales. Modified osteoderms that molded with the spine/ribs and sternum of chelonians have become the carapce and plastron. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some lizards can detach their own tails as an escape method, and they will regrow with cartilage instead of bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear scales, modified, pigment-less epidermis that covers the eye. Turns blue when the snake is about to shed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Modified dermal tissue made from B keratin, with A keratin forming an elastic mebrane between scales to add flexibility. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shedding. Scales are continually produced fromt he germinal layer of the epidermis. Enzymatic breakdown of the most proximal layer of older scales, and secretion of lymph into the space between old and new scales lead to the separation of a lizard's old skin from the new. |
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Term
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Definition
| The vomeronasal organ. Uses a special sense called vomerolfaction, which is a combination of smelling and tasting. Vomeration. Can be used to vomerize ground and airborne scents, use in tracking. Hotter prey gives off more scent. Forked tongued snakes and lizards have tongues that fit into the organ during vomeration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teeth embedded in mandible/maxilla as bony ridge, no socket. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teeth embedded in sockets of mandible/maxilla, sometimes can be regenerated. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Slit-like opening in roof of reptile's oropharynx: allows communcation between oropharynx and nasal passages. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cranial aspect of the cloaca. |
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Term
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Definition
Middle part of the cloaca. The ureters (or urethra in bladdered species), oviduct, and vas deferens empty into this section.
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Term
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Definition
| The caudal aspect of the cloaca, linked to the vent. |
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Term
Cavum Venosum
Cavum Pulmonale
Cavum Arteriosum |
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Definition
| Parts of the reptile ventricle. In some the blood continually mixes, in other seperation is more complete (physiologically, rather than anatomically). Pulmonae leads to pulmonary vessels, arteriosum leads to the left and right aorta, and the ventrosum accepts blood from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows tubules of the kidneys to be serviced by blood vessels without the body losing water to the glomerulus. Used in dehydrated animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A combined abdominal and pelvic cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| By putting a hood over the eyes, pressing on the eyes, can lead to immobility in some lizards. (Malaise caused by stimulation of vagus nerve). |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower portion of beak (mandible) |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper part of beak, Maxilla |
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Term
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Definition
| Fleshy area around external nares |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Modified bone of the avian sternum. Can be pronounced (carina) or flatter, depending on species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fused thoracic vertebrae in birds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fused thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae in birds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone in birds that connects the shoulder to the keel of the bird, keeping wings away from body during flight. Absent in mammals. |
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Term
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Definition
| In avians, ligament connecting the carpus of the wing to the neck. |
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Term
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Definition
| In avians, where the clavicles meet, acts as a spacing bar. |
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Term
Tibiotarsus
Tarsometatarsus |
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Definition
| Fused aspects of the avian hindlimb. |
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Term
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Definition
Keratinized epidermis derived from follicles of the dermis. Like hair!
Proximal shaft: Calamus
Hollow shaft: Rachis
Vane: Barbs and Hooks |
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Term
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Definition
| Down, Contour, Semiplume, Powder Down, Hypopenna, Filoplume, and Bristle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bilobed holocrine gland that secretes a lipoid sebaceous material used for waterproofing, feather protection (spread during grooming) and possibly as a Vitamin D precursor (ingested during grooming). |
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Term
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Definition
| The only ossicle in the avian ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Voluntary in some avians (flicker warning) |
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Term
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Definition
| Our flicker frequency is 50 frames per second. A bird's can be around 200 frames per second, and even faster for some predator species. |
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Term
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Definition
| The crop: a pouch off of the esophagus that can be used to store food. If the crop gets too full the bird can't turn it over (to swallow or regurgitate), which leads to SOUR CROP. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cranial to the ventriculus, secretes digesting hormones, most similar part to the mammalian stomach. Not used for mechanical digestion or reabsorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gizzard. Very muscular, provides mechanical digestion before food is moved into the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Like in reptiles, avians have a cloacal opening for feces, urine, and sexual dealings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flap of cartilage behind the nares. |
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Term
| Infraorbital diverticulum |
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Definition
| An extension of the sinus that goes close to the infraorbital canal. Sinus infections can cause swellings of the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces sounds in avians, similar in form and function of the mammalian larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| Site of B-cell hematopoesis in avians. Located at the cloaca. |
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Term
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Definition
| End of oviduct near the ovary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Albumin producing and shell producing aspect of the oviduct. The uterus provides the shell gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nine sacs (2x Cranial, 1x Clavicular, 2x Cr. Thoracic, 2x Ca. Thoracic, 2x Abdominal) that provide assistance in inspiration and expiration. Act like bellows, take air in, blow it out, letting air pass twice through the lungs. The lungs retain shape throughout. |
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Term
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Definition
Light (8% of body weight compared to 15% of dogs). Forelimbs short and fine, hindlimbs long and powerful.
Forelimb: 5 digits
Hindlimb: 4 digits |
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Term
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Definition
| Plantigrade at rest, Digitigrade when running. |
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Term
| Vertebral Formula (Rabbit) |
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Definition
| C:7 T:12(10-12 floating ribs) L:7 S:4 C14-15 |
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Term
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Definition
| Overly long mandible, common in dwarf breeds. Can cause dental malocclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very close to roots of teeth in rabbits. Sometimes problems with the eye can be caused by infections and other problems with the teeth. Another common problem in breeds with shortened skulls. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2/1 0/0 [3/2 3/3 (cheek teeth)] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Grow closely to make a single occlusional surface. Wider on maxilla than mandible,so only one side makes contact at a time. Grow 3mm a month. |
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Term
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Definition
| Special sensor hairs on the muzzle of rabbit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure sores of the feet, esp. in rabbits kept on hard flooring. They have no footpads. |
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Term
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Definition
| Only part of retina supplied by blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| At base of tail, NOT anal glands. Secrete brown, waxy substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Network of vessels located just behind the eye, get in the way during eye enucleations! |
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