Term
| One of the smallest MCVs? One of the largest? |
|
Definition
smallest- mouse deer
largest- elephant seal |
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Term
| Most popular anticoagulant for exotic hematology? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can't we use machines to do WBC counts? |
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Definition
| all cells are nucleated- machines work by ignoring anucleated cells and considering everything else WBCs |
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Term
| Name the two methods of counting WBCs: |
|
Definition
eosinophil unopette
Natt & Herrick / Toludine Blue |
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Term
| Advantages of Eosinophil Unopette method: |
|
Definition
-commercially available reagant
-easy to learn
-absolute value of sum of eos/heterophils |
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Term
| What cells does the Eosinophil Unopette method count? Why just these two? |
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Definition
| eosinophils and heterophils; only two that will stain |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Eosinophil Unopette method: |
|
Definition
-indirect count (need to do diff)
-requires 25uL well-mixed anticoag whole blood
-cell clumping on hemocytometer or blood film skews results |
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Term
| Advantages of Natt & Herrick / Toludine Blue method: |
|
Definition
-requires 20uL well-mixed anticoag whole blood
-stains all WBCs (direct count)
-can perform RBC count |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Natt & Herrick / Toludine Blue method: |
|
Definition
-manual dilution
-reagant prep not commercially available
-differentiating small lymphocytes from thrombocytes is difficult |
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Term
| Describe the appearance of a RBC: |
|
Definition
oval shape
uniform stained nucleus |
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Term
| How to bird RBCs differ from reptile RBCs? |
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Definition
| reptiles- larger and rounder |
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Term
| Describe the appearance of a polychromatophil: |
|
Definition
-darker blue cytoplasm
-rounder
-can look like reactive lymphs, but chromatin is clumpier |
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Term
| Finding a bunch of polychromatophils in an exotic blood sample is: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an erythroplastid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Significance of finding erythroplastids in an exotic blood sample? |
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Definition
| no known significance, but write it down if you find many |
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Term
|
Definition
-RBC with fading/indiscrete cytoplasm
-spleen doesn't remove RBCs in birds/reptiles, so they just "disintegrate" |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-heterophil
-eosinophil
-basophil |
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Term
|
Definition
-lymphocytes
-monocytes (& azurophils in reptiles)
-thrombocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| a type of monocyte found in reptiles, function isn't completely understood but it has something to do with inflammation |
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Term
| Granulocyte with rod-shaped granules. |
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Definition
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Term
| How to distinguish heterophil from eosinophil? |
|
Definition
-heterophils have rod-shaped granules, eos have rounder granules
-eosinophils stain brighter, "prettier" |
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Term
| How does a toxic left shift change the appearance of heterophils? |
|
Definition
| they degranulate, get vacuoles |
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Term
| Describe the appearance of an azurophil: |
|
Definition
| looks like a monocyte but stipplied with blue granules |
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|
Term
| T/F: The color of eos is the same in reptiles and birds as it is in mammals. |
|
Definition
| Nope! Not as red, and color varies widely by spp |
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Term
| Describe the appearance of a basophil: |
|
Definition
-huge spp variation
-dark purple granules
-can degranulate, esp in reptiles |
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Term
| Describe the appearance of a thrombocyte: |
|
Definition
two shapes:
-round with wisp of cytoplasm
-elongated "dash" with nucleus in middle |
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Term
| Describe the appearance of a lymphocyte: |
|
Definition
-can have granules
-can have pseudopods |
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Term
| How to distinguish lymphocytes from thrombocytes? |
|
Definition
-thrombocytes have extremely dark, dense nucleus
-thrombos have wisp of greyish cytoplasm
-lymphs can have pseudopods |
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|
Term
| What species has a heterophil with no visible granules? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Describe the appearance of a reptilian heterophils: |
|
Definition
-nucleus may have lobes
-granules may not be rods, exactly |
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Term
| One important difference in how you can use elasmobranch blood vs other exotics' blood? |
|
Definition
| can't use unopette system- must use Natt & Herrick / Toluidine Blue |
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|
Term
| What anticoagulant should you use for elasmobranchs? |
|
Definition
| EDTA except for some ray spp that clot or lyse easily (heparin for them) |
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Term
| ___ PCV is usually lower than normal. |
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Definition
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Term
| The buffy coat is very thick in ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tips for shark blood samples: |
|
Definition
-fresh as possible
-PCV lower than typical |
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Term
| ___ samples will have eosinophilic background frmo hemolysis. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Traits of piscine blood cells: |
|
Definition
-super fragile, lots of smudge cells
-don't distinguish between individual granulocytes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-tendency to clump
-nucleus stains dark purple with dense chromatin
-cytoplasm is colorless to pale blue
-shape varies: round, elongated, fusiform |
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Term
| When looking at an exotic blood sample slide, what should you do first? |
|
Definition
| look for thrombocyte clumps so you know what your thrombocytes look like |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| fine/coarse eosinophilic granulocytes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
-typically larger than bird/reptile RBCs
-early/young forms common in sharks
-early forms may be confused with lymphs/thrombs |
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Term
| Typical piscine thrombocyte: |
|
Definition
-agranular
-oval to round
-small cell
-scant blue cytoplasm |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-atypical thrombocyte
-oval to round
-small cell
-tiny pink granules packing edges
"raisin" appearance |
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Term
| In elasmobranchs, which cell is predominant? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Heterophils are found in what spp? |
|
Definition
| birds and reptiles - elasmobranchs have neutrophils |
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|
Term
| Elasmobranch neutrophils resemble... |
|
Definition
| toxic mammalian neutrophils |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-large, pink, round granules
-round to segmented nucleus
-pale/sky blue cytoplasm |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-small, pink, oval to round granules
-round to segmented nucleus
-pale/colorless cytoplasm |
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