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Definition
Physical activity that has energy demand above resting metabolic rate and that disturbs homeostasis. Increases demand for energy(ATP) to fuel muscle contractions. |
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| What is used as an indirect measure of ATP synthesis and utilization during exercise? |
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Definition
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| What is VO2 Max? What factors determine it? What is the equation to calculate it? |
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Definition
The maxima capacity to transport and use oxygen during exercise. Used as indicator for cardiovascular and respiratory fitness. Factors: -Cardiovascular system: C.O. and oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. -Skeletal muscle: ability to extract and use O2 to produce ATP. -Respiratory system: ability to get O2 into and CO2 out of the blood. VO2= C.O. x (aO2 + vO2) |
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| What are indirect ways of measuring VO2 Max? |
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| The higher VO2 Max in an elite marathoner compared to an untrained person is possibly due to: |
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Definition
Genetic factor Greater chest size to body size Stronger respiratory muscles Long term training program(years) may play a factor. Short term may increase only about 10%
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| What determines muscle strength? |
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Definition
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Total amount of work that the muscle performs in a unit period of time. |
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Definition
Depends on the nutritive support for the muscle, especially the amount of glycogen stored in the muscle before the period of exercise. High Carbohydrate diet stores the most glycogen. Fat diet is the worst for endurance. |
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Term
| What are the basic sources of energy(systems) for muscle contractions? |
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Definition
Phosphagen system(ATP and phosphocreatine): -Does not require oxygen -Lasts 8-10 seconds -4 Moles of ATP/min Glycogen Lactate system: -Does not require oxygen -Lasts 1-6 minutes -2.5 moles of ATP/min Aerobic system: -Requires oxygen -Unlimited time. As long as nutrients last. -1 mole ATP/min |
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Definition
The execise intensity at which systematic increase in blood lactate occurs. Importance: -The lactate threshold represents the maximum level of intensity that can be maintained. -untrained people have lower thresholds |
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Definition
Inability to continue exercise at a desired or given intensity. Causes: -probably a result of failure to provide ATP at the ceullular level |
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Definition
The balance between the energy required by the working muscle and the rate of ATP production via aerobic metabolism. |
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The lag betwen onset of exercise and reaching the steady state of increase in oxygen consumption.(may come from anaerobic metabolism or other sources) |
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Definition
Oxygen consumed during recovery.(Not including the amount usually consumed at rest) |
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Term
| Muscle Hypertrophy(which comes from resistive training) leads to an increase in aerobic and anaerobic systems due to increase in: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main function of respiratory system during exercise? |
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Definition
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| Why do lungs have 50% more ventilation capacity than the body generally needs during exercise? |
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Definition
It is a safety element for athletes that can be used in extreem conditions: -exercise at high altitudes -exercise under very hot conditions -abnormalities in the respiratory system |
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Term
| Why doesnt arterial PO2 and venous PCO2 change much during exercise? |
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Definition
| It is regulated by Central Chemoreceptors |
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Definition
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Definition
If the heart rate increases too much the C.O. will level off. The heart will be contracting before the ventricle is completely full. Older people or people with heart disease have an decrease in max C.O.
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| How does the heart rate of a marathoner compare to that of a non-athlete? |
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Definition
The marathoner has lower heart rate during rest and exercise. The marathoner has a higher C.O. due to 40% larger heart chambers. Largers stroke volume. |
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| What is considered the limiting factor for VO2 Max and physical performance? |
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