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Exam #3
Energy
29
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/19/2008

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Term
Energy
Definition
The capacity to do work either actively or stored for later use.
Term
Oxidation
Definition
The loss of an electron, electron is moved to a lower energy level and therefor energy is released during oxidation.
Term
reduction
Definition
The gaining of an electron, electron is moved to a higher level and this requires an input of energy
Term
exergonic
Definition
an energy yielding process
Term
exothermic
Definition
a heat yielding process
Term
exophotic
Definition
a light yielding process
Term
endergonic
Definition
an energy requiring process
Term
endothermic
Definition
a heat requiring process
Term
endophotic
Definition
a light requiring process
Term
entropy
Definition
a measure of randomness in a system, takes input to maintain a complex organized system.
Term
free energy
Definition
energy which is avaliable to do work because it is not already in some designated form such as heat or light.
Term
Giggs free energy exchange
Definition
the change in heat content minus the change in entropy, multiplied bu the absolute temperature
Term
First Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
the total energy in the universe is constant and therefor energy can not be created nor destroyed, only change its form
Term
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
in the universe, the total amount of free energy avaliable for doing work is declining, because the energy is being lost in other energy forms such as light and heat/
Term
metabolism
Definition
the sum of all energy exchanges that occur through chemical reactions in a living cell
Term
anabolism
Definition
all chemical reactions involved in biosyntheisis
Term
catabolism
Definition
all chemical reactions involved in the degradation of larger molocules
Term
enzymes
Definition
globular water-soluble proteins which lower the activation energy of chemical reactions in living cells thereby speeding up chemical reactions
Term
enzymes usually end with
Definition
-ase
Term
cofactors
Definition
most enzymes require additional substances in order to function properly, divided into inorganic ions
Term
ATP
Definition
adenosine triphosphate
Term
highest energy is stored
Definition
between the second and third phosphate group
Term
phosphorlation
Definition
the process of making ATP
Term
photophosphorylation
Definition
the use of light to make ATP
Term
oxidative phosphorylation
Definition
the use of oxygen to make ATP
Term
all enzymes are
Definition
globular water-soluble proteins made up of amino acid
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