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| rationality and man's place in the universe |
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Higher up
Wrote Spirity of the Laws |
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Writen in 1748
Men of goodwill will steer society in the right direction.
Free trade
3 branches of government works best
-judicial
-legislative
-executive
No one government can take control. |
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Came from poor family.
Comes to Paris.
Philosophe.
Spent most of his life with illiterate women. |
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Written in 1763 by J.J.Rousseau
-Men are born free byt controlled by laws.
-Humans are inherentally good, and society makes them bad.
-General will keeps society safe from "rulers"
-No one person will put their needs ahead of the needs of the greater whole. |
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- prolific writer
- from almost "middle class"
- wrote Candide (1759)- satirical critism of french absolutism
- spends time with Kings, Queens, nobility
- Millionaire
- Famously tempermental
- Spent his career on unequal justice and treatment before law
- wanted reform NOT REVOLUTION |
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Meeting places for people to talk and have discussions.
Hostesses: Madame du Chatelet (affair with Voltaire) and Madame de Geoffinis |
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Overthrow of an establised government
A sudden, radical, complete change |
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Absolute (total) authority (Single leader)
Divided social groups |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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1776
Author Thomas Jefferson
Universal rights |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
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1789
Partially inspire by our Declaration of Independence
Argued that everyone is free and equal at birth. |
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Made up of small farmers, John Hancock, George Washington
First colony to declare independence.
Woman, slaves, and blacks play large role. |
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Made up of peasants, Estates General (3rd), professionals, some of 1st and 2nd estate
Women, slaves, and blacks play large role. |
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Written by Thomas Paine (1775)
Calls for freedom, republican government (necessary evil) |
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| 2nd Continental Congress declares the United States independent of Great Britain. |
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(10) during ratification
Guard of personal rights |
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| Declaration of Independence of Women |
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1791 by Olympe de Gouges
very similar to declaration of rights of man |
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| Saint Domingue Slave Revolt |
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August 1791
Only successful slave revolt |
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| First abolishment of slavery |
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The second phase of the french revolution (1792-1794)
Seen as a civil war - turned violent
Committee of Public Safety
Emergence of statesponsored violence
Actually killed 30-40 thousand people
Via Gillotine
Started by King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette being executed- lead by Robespierre. |
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| Europes power caused a vision of Europe being "central". I.e. the best, most powerful, and even at the center of maps. |
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| North American Revolution |
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(1775- 1787)
Stuggle for indepedence from oppressive British rule
Originated in an effort to preserve the existing liberties, not create new ones
Not many thought of separating from Britain due to the many benefits (protection, access to British markets)
Conditions made for less poverty, few social differences, and easier relationships between the classes
Revolution came from effort by Britain to gain more control over American Colonies
What was revolutionary was the society that had become before the revolution and then that society only grew stronger from the revolution |
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generated in 1787
Bill of Rights, checks and balances, separation of church and state, and federalism |
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(1789-1815)
Gathering of the estates general - Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen - All men are born and remain free and equal in rights - launched revolution
Higher ups resisted change, 2nd and 3rd supported change
More violent than American Revolution
The terror- widespread violence
French saw it as starting from scratch
Napolean lead France with emphasis of social equality
Napolean taken down - end of era of French Revolution |
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| credited with taming the revolution and kept the revolution's emphasis on social equality but dispensed with liberty |
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