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EXAM2:Pharm L17
Antihistamines
11
Medical
Graduate
05/27/2009

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Term
Diphenhydramine
Definition
= Benadryl. Antihistamine, H1 antag, 1st generation. Allergies. If use as a sleep medication, have a hang over the next day. Side effect: CNS sedation, decreased cough, dry mouth, tachycardia, hypotension, dizziness, increased appetite, local anesthetic if injected, long QT, arrythmias.
Term
Hydroxyzine
Definition
Antihistamine, H1 antag, 1st generation. like benedryl, often gived to children as a syrup.
Term
Meclizine
Definition
Antihistamine, H1 antag, 1st generation. Used for motion sickness/ dizziness/ vertigo.
Term
Cetirizine
Definition
= Zyrtec. Antihistimine, H1 antag, 2nd generation. Used for allergies. less side effects than Benedryl, some sedation still bc a little crosses bbb. Liver metabolism.
Term
Loratadine
Definition
= Claritin. Antihistamine, H1 antag, 2nd generation. Allergies. Liver metabolism.
Term
Fexofenadine
Definition
= Allegra. Antihistamine, H1 antag, 2nd generation. Allergy. Crosses into CNS the least of the second gen meds. Renal metabolism.
Term
Cromolyn
Definition
Antihistamine. Indirect antagonist. Histamine release inhibitor; membrane stabalizing; inhibitis Cl channels in cell membranse of mast cells and eosinophils. Poorly absorbed, used topically as inhaler/ spray/ eye drops. or oral fod GI tract. Use: try to prevent bronchoconstriciton in asthma, but not super effective. prevents allergic rinitis. Safe, used in children.
Term
Epinepherine
Definition
EpiPen. Antihistamine. (Indirect antagonist). Bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor, use in anaphylaxis.
Term
Ranitide
Definition
= Zantac. Antihistamine. H2 antag. inhibits 65 percent (90 at night) of acid secretion in stomach, works for 6 hrs, so give 2x per day. Use: gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer, stress related bleeding. Often now replaced by proton pump inhibitors. For side effects see Cimetidine. May interact with P450s in liver and cause drug interactions. Renal excretion.
Term
Famotidine
Definition
= Pepcid. Antihistamine, H2 antag, see Ranitidine. Does not cause liver P450 interactions. Renal excretion.
Term
Cimetidine
Definition
Antihistamine, H2 antag. Like Ranitidine but has worse side effects: CNS, hyperprolactinemia, bradycardia, hypotension, heart block if rapidly infused, intereferes with P450s in liver leading to drug interactions, need dose adjusments in renal failure.
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