Erosion and deposition 

Landforms result fromt the erosion of 

Cliffs, rock landforms, headlands caves, blowholes, stacks and arches

Sediment is deposited to form features such as 

beaches, spits, dunes, estuaries and lagoons 

What is longshore drift 

It moves sand and other materials along the shore. If this drift occurs mainly in one direction, sand may extend along the coastline forming a sandspit 

What is a dune?

A mass that forms along the shorlines usually composed of sand. Formed from loose particles of rock and other materials such as shells and coral

It can erode roccks and remove sediment

How are beaches formed 

Constructive waves 

What are Destructive waves? 

It is a large high energy wave it carries more material back into the deep water in the backwash 

How are sand dunes formed?

Sand dunes are formed by wind when dry sand is blown to the back of the beach and trapped 

What does spinfex do

Traps the sand 

What do trees and plants do to the sand dunes 

They stablise the dune so the sand cant ove 

When do dune blowout occur

When the vegitation is removed 

What can building on fore dunes do

Dune blowouts can occur because dune vegitation cannot regenerate. It interrupts the cycle

The location of storm water pipes

Can pollute the beach with dirty water and create valleys in the sand 

What are some management strategies 

- Acess tracks with board and chain walkways need to be constructed 

- Established more shrubs and small plants on sand dunes 

- Control dumping wastes near any water sites 

What is sea change 

Movement from suburbs to coastal areas 

What does the term hill change mean

Movement to pleasant enviroments with a short commuting distance of a city 

What does the term boom areas mean 

Realestate boom in mining centres 

What does the term Lifestyle features mean

Location near water such as harbour 

What does the term blue sky mean

Prime location on the edge of the city 

 What does the term Stayers mean

Areas with character, cafe culture, quality shopping, schools, transport and close to the inner city for entertainment and work 

What does the term Ripple effect mean

Increase in property prices in prime suburbs 

What does the term ugly ducklings mean 

Renivation and transformation of inner industrial areas from an ugly duckling to real estate swan

Why does transport and infrastructure help cites grow 

Increases urban sprawl by development of roads, bridges, railways, schools and hospitals as well as motorways and expressways that provide fast links to the central buisness district of a city 

What are the featues of outer areas of cities 

- Farm land

- Cheaper land 

- Less public transport and services

- Improved motor ways 

- More land

What is urban decline 

The decline in population in a suburb due to less demand and changes to the economic base of the community

What causes inner cites to go into urban decline 

- Closure of clothing and chemical industries 

- Industries moved to the rural urban fringe

- Many people want to live in the outer cites due to improved motor ways and public transport  

- Outer cites are clean and not heavily populated 

What is the economic impact of urban growth 

- Need to accomodate anticipate population 

- Government polices change 

- Other areas are in urban decline 

What is the social impact of urban growth 

- Urban growth causing traffic congestion 

- Deteriorating air quality 

- Land and coastal degradation 

- Overuse of scarce water sources 

- Population density will increase

What is the enviromental impact of urban growth

- High rise apartments built on sand dunes 

- Housing developers have cleared wetlands and bush 

- Large Urban ecological footprint 

- Decrease in land, water and air 

What is 'urban renewal'

is when you renew or reurbanise areas that have been experiencing urban decay so that it would try and bring back the people from the outer cites back into the inner 

Why does urban renewal occur 

It occurs so that it would attract people from the outer suburbs to the inner. Therefore decreasing lack of employment and increase the value of the area 

Defintion of 'urban sprawl'

When a city spreads outwards to occupy more land

Rural-urban fringe 

An area where growing suburbs meet farmland

'Doughnut effect'

It is when people move from the inside city to the outside of the city due to the improvements of transport and industry