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| A long narrative poem unified by a hero who reflects te customs, mores, and aspirations of a nation or race and who undertakes legendary and historic exploits, usually over a long period of time. |
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An extended and elaborate simile conventional in epic poetry
(Ex: Odysseus & his crew drive a stake into the cyclop's eye...) |
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| The narrator, who is not involved in the action of the story, tells the story in the third person and confines himself/herself to what is experienced, thought and felt by a single character, or at most by a very limited number of characters |
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| A full, complex, multidimensional CHARACTER whose personality reveals some of the richness and contradictoriness we are accustomed to observing in actual people, rather than the transparent obviousness of a FLAT CHARACTER |
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| A simple, one-dimensional, usually unchanging CHARACTER who shows none of the human depth, complexity, and contrariness of a ROUND CHARACTER. |
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| A character who changes in some way during the story. Usually the main character. |
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| A character who does not change during the story. |
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| Person vs. Nature (Conflict) |
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| When the protagonist is opposed by natural forces |
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| Person vs. Person (Conflict) |
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| When the protagonist is opposed by another person-- usually called the antagonist |
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| Person vs. Self (conflict) |
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| when the protagonist is opposed by some aspect of his or her own personality or nature. |
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| Person vs. Society (conflict) |
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| when the protagonist is at odds w/the society he or she lives in |
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| Inciting (Initial) Action |
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| the action or incident that sets a plot in motion |
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| the event or events that present and develop the CONFLICT whose dramatization is the story's ACTION; the COMPLICATION (or set of complications) that leads up to the CLIMAX |
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| the events of a narrative that follow the CLIMAX and resolve the CONFLICT that reached its highest point in that climax before bringing the story to its conclusion or DENOUEMENT |
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| the conclusion of an ACTION or PLOT, in which the FALLING ACTION is brought to a close and the outcome or outcomes of the CLIMAX are presented to the reader; |
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| How the story is told; its sequence of events. The structure of the narrative. The series of casually related events or episodes that occur in a narrative or play. |
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| A change of point of view within a single work. For instance most of a work might be 3rd person omniscient, but there might be a couple brief instances where it is limited. |
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| calling upon a guiding spirit to help the poet tell his story |
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| "in the middle of things." Epic begins in the middle of the story and uses flashback to tell the beginning of the story |
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| divided into books--each book is an adventure |
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part 1 reveals Hero's future destiny (Books I-XI)
part 2 works out that destiny (tells how the hero fulfills his destiny) (Books XII-XXIV) |
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part 1 reveals Hero's future destiny (Books I-XI)
part 2 works out that destiny (tells how the hero fulfills his destiny) (Books XII-XXIV) |
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| poet begins by declaring his theme. serious theme |
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| Journey to the Underworld |
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| the hero journeys to the land of the dead in order to learn the secret of his destiny (future). Book XI- Odysseus talks to the seer Teiresias who tells him his future. |
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the divine intervention of the gods in the affairs of men--especially when they account for miraculous events
(Ex: Zeus hurling thunderbolts. Poseidon raising sudden storms. Ino lending Odysseus her scarf. Athena impersonating people.) |
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| the history in an epic is idealistic, fanciful--not so much as things really happened, but rather how a group or society would like them to have happened. |
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descriptive phrases attached to a character's name to identify them.
(Ex: Athena, gray-eyed goddess; Alkinoos, king and admiration of men; Son of Laertes and gods of old Odysseus, master mariner and soldier) |
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| set speeches in formal language are the rule when men and gods converse |
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attributing human characteristics to non-human beings or objects
(Ex: on the broad back of the sea, when the young dawn w/finger tips of rose touched the world) |
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| Noble birth; strong leader; honor the gods; possesses: physical strength, physical beauty, physical courage, loyalty, pride, intelligence (cunning); display his emotions; strive constantly for personal glory (honor); be able to make mistakes |
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| Religion in "The Odyssey" |
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1.) Many gods--very powerful, not ethical.
2.) Humans obtain benefits by prayer & sacrifice
3.) Future is revealed by omens, dreams, soothsayers, oracles
4.) Dead are cremated. Burial is a religious duty. Soul has a shadowy existense in Hades. |
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| Ethical code from "The Odyssey" |
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1.) Strong sense of honor--stops people from breaking unwritten laws.
2.) Strong public outcry against those who break unwritten laws.
3.) Hospitality to strangers is a must--since anyone can be Zeus or another god in disguise.
4.) Revenge for wrong-doing undertaken by family
5.) Desire for personal glory is the main motivation |
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