Term
| A culturally encapsulated therapist |
|
Definition
| A ...therapist is someone who tends to make inappropriate generalizations about a particular group of clients . More specifically, the therapist makes narrow assumptions about reality, is insensitive to cultural variations among individuals, disregards evidence disconfirming the superiority of the dominant culture, resorts to technique-oriented strategies and short-term solutions, and judges others according to the therapist's self-reference criteria. This is contrasted with culturally competent therapists who are aware of their own cultural values as well as the culture of their patients, and work to acquire the skills and knowledge to provide appropriate and effective treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the criterion is subjectively scored, and the rater has knowledge of the employees' predictor scores. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves generalizing from one characteristic of the person (e.g., she is attractive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when evaluations cover an extended period of time (e.g., one year) and the evaluator is most influenced by recent performance (e.g., within the last month or two). Could be reduced by using quarterly rather than annual evaluations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a rater tends to rate all employees as about average |
|
|
Term
| suprachiasmic nucleus (SCN) |
|
Definition
| cluster of nerves that functions as the circadian clock. |
|
|
Term
the pineal gland (located in the hypothalamus) |
|
Definition
| The SNA signals this gland to produce melatonin, which in turn causes a drop in body temperature and sleepiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specifically loss of cells in this area, has been implicated in Parkinson's disease |
|
|
Term
| the reticular activating system (RAS) |
|
Definition
-filters incoming sensory information, -can activate a person into a state of alert wakefulness, -is not responsible for sleep-wake patterns -consists of a set of cells in the medulla, pons, hypothalamus, and thalamus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-serves as a moderator variable.
-used to adjust for defensiveness, by adding points to a number of the clinical scales based this scale's score. |
|
|
Term
| a naïve attempt to present favorably |
|
Definition
| MMPI-2 L scale measures ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures infrequently endorsed items, and can be used to assess overall distress and pathology, attempts to fake bad, or random responding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specifically measure response inconsistency or random responding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relates to meanings of words |
|
|
Term
| when it is based on referrals, e.g., a referral source receives 5% of a patient's on-going fees |
|
Definition
| when is fee splitting prohibited? |
|
|
Term
| when it is based on services rendered |
|
Definition
| when is fee splitting allowed? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| correlation between job satisfaction and education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| correlation between job satisfaction and intelligence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| job satisfaction is highest for which racial group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strength and direction of the
correllation between job satisfaction and job turnover |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
even if deception is involved, ... from subjects must be obtained ... they participate in the research.
|
|
|
Term
| as early as is feasible, preferably at the conclusion of their participation, but no later than at the conclusion of the research. |
|
Definition
| when must deception be explained? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All the standard error formulas (standard errors of the mean, measurement, and estimate) express error in terms of ...units. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that emotions result from perceiving bodily reactions or responses. In this case, you perceived your bodily reaction (heart racing) and concluded you must be very anxious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposes that emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously. When an event is perceived (e.g., taking the exam), messages are sent at the same time to the hypothalamus, which arouses the body, and to the limbic system, which causes the subjective experience of anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Schacter's Two-Factor theory |
|
Definition
| proposes that emotion results from both internal information (hypothalamus and limbic system) and external information (the context). According to this theory you would be experiencing physiological arousal (racing heart), and would then look to the environment (the licensing exam) to help you label the emotion as anxiety, rather than, for example excitement |
|
|
Term
| Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome |
|
Definition
| is a model or response to severe stress consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the brain not fully developed at birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flooding, also known as exposure with response prevention is the treatment of choice for .... |
|
|
Term
| systematic desensitization |
|
Definition
| For many years, it had been considered the treatment of choice for specific phobias, however, in recent research, exposure based treatment approaches (e.g., flooding) have been found to be more effective in the treatment of specific phobias. |
|
|
Term
| Aversive counterconditioning |
|
Definition
| is used to treat maladaptive behaviors, such as smoking, excessive drinking, or paraphilias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may be useful as an adjunct for patients with chronic mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia) or for patients experiencing life transitions (e.g., a divorce, major medical illness, death of a family member, etc.). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| integrates and processes all sensory information except for olfaction (i.e., smell). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| considered the master endocrine gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| house the somatosensory cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to James Marcia, there are four possible identity statuses for adolescents. The adolescent in ...commits himself or herself to a goal without exploring alternatives, thus there is commitment with an absence of crisis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to James Marcia, there are four possible identity statuses for adolescents. The adolescent in... has struggled and explored several options and developed goals and values. He or she has resolved the crisis, and made a commitment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to James Marcia, there are four possible identity statuses for adolescents. The adolescent in ... is actively struggling with exploring options and making a decision, but has not yet made a commitment. There is crisis and absence of commitment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to James Marcia, there are four possible identity statuses for adolescents. The adolescent in...lacks direction and is not seriously considering options or trying to develop goals, thus, there is an absence of both crisis and commitment |
|
|
Term
crisis and commitment = identity achievement,
no crisis, but commitment = foreclosure
crisis, but no commitment = moratorium
no crisis, no commitment = identity diffusion |
|
Definition
| Marcia's 4 statuses of adolescent identity development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the phenomenon that people are more likely to remember uncompleted tasks than completed tasks. For example, examinees are more likely to remember test items of which they were uncertain (i.e., the task feels uncompleted). |
|
|
Term
-the SD of the criterion -the criterion-related validity coefficient |
|
Definition
| The standard error of estimate is affected by which two variables? |
|
|
Term
direct, in that the larger the SD, the larger the error, while conversely, the smaller the SD, the smaller the error. |
|
Definition
>
The standard error of estimate has an indirect/ a direct relationship with the standard deviation, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Ethics Code clearly states that psychologists never accept former ... as therapy patients.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From an operant learning perspective, it is best to manage children’s tantrums through: |
|
|
Term
| The hippocampus, within the temporal lobes, |
|
Definition
| is involved in the consolidation of long-term memory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The following methods are useful in controlling ____.
-training the raters -a forced response format in which the rater is forced to choose between two equally desirable or undesirable attributes -and objective rating methods such as BARS, the Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale - |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a classical conditioning intervention that involves counterconditioning. In counterconditioning, a person learns a new response (e.g., pleasurable feelings) that is incompatible with a problematic response (e.g., performance anxiety). |
|
|
Term
| Aversive counterconditioning |
|
Definition
| involves pairing a pleasurable but problematic conditioned stimulus (e.g., the taste of alcohol) with a more powerful, aversive unconditioned stimulus (e.g., vomiting because the person has taken Antabuse). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The studies on the effects of divorce have shown that ... find divorce less emotionally problematic than ... For example, suicide rates are up to six times higher in separated or divorced ...compared with those in a relationship. |
|
|
Term
| men are more affected by crowding than women. |
|
Definition
| effects of crowding by gender |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Environmental variables such as .... influence the effects of crowding. |
|
|
Term
| Cultural variables significantly influence crowding effects, in that culture helps determine the amount of personal space with which an individual feels comfortable. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... is defined as a coincidentally occurring event that is not part of treatment, which influences outcome. This threat is best taken care of by an ... design |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain structure involved in receptive speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain structure involved in expressive speech. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a failure to recognize sensory stimuli. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves a problem with speech. Wernicke's and Broca's are both considered ___s. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alexia :reading :: agraphia: ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a measure of interrater reliability |
|
|
Term
| The criterion-related validity coefficient |
|
Definition
| indicates the strength of the relationship between a predictor test and criterion outcome (e.g., how well SAT scores predict college GPA). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the degree to which a test is actually measuring the construct or trait it is attempting to measure (e.g., aggression). Both convergent and divergent validity are necessary to establish _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves subjects verbalizing their thought process as they perform a task. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Understanding which components account for a treatment effect is often accomplished through the use of a ________, in which various components of a treatment are analyzed separately. |
|
|
Term
| incompetency to stand trial. |
|
Definition
| The inability to defend oneself in court proceedings is referred to as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The main reason for treatment failure with addictive behaviors is that these behaviors:
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurotransmitter involved with sleep and mood |
|
|
Term
| RAS or reticular activating system |
|
Definition
| is involved in sleep, it is not a neurotransmitter but rather a diffuse set of cells in the medulla, pons, hypothalamus, and thalamus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurotransmitter involved in voluntary movement and memory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most commonly the originating site of complex partial seizures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can originate in any cortical region, are frequently preceded by an aura, and usually include purposeless behavior, lip smacking, unintelligible speech, and impaired consciousness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain structures critical to personality, emotionality, inhibition, planning and initiative, abstract thinking, judgment, and higher mental functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes the pons, medulla, and reticular activating system (RAS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an interconnected group of organs and structures (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus) involved in memory and emotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mean of T scores is __, and the standard deviation is __. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A T score of 70 is __ standard deviations above the mean, which corresponds to the ___ percentile rank. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A z score of +1 which is one SD above the mean, is equivalent to a T score of __ and a percentile rank of __. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ______child (ages 2 to 7) is egocentric ,relies on intuitive thought rather than logical or deductive reasoning , and increasingly uses symbolic activity . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to ... does not appear until the stage of concrete operations (age 7 to 11). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To minimize discrimination, employment testing has moved from standardized tests in the direction of ____. which are excellent and fair predictors of work performance. |
|
|
Term
unfairly discriminate against disadvantaged individuals. |
|
Definition
| Testing in general, such as multiple aptitude batteries and norm-referenced testing, tend to ____.Although biodata are generally good predictors of performance, work samples are even better. |
|
|
Term
| the individual's current health status as well as an understanding of common sequelae of the disorder. |
|
Definition
| Important issues related to individuals diagnosed HIV+ include |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research has shown that increasing a person's factual knowledge is/ is not a potent motivator for change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Following her supervisor's instruction might be an example of ___ power if the decision were due to the intern's fear of a bad evaluation. |
|
|
Term
| referent, legitimate, coercive, reward, and expert. |
|
Definition
| five types of power that have been identified by psychologists: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An intern appears to like and identify with the staff psychologist whom she considers a role model, and decides to follow his advice. Her decision is therefore based on ____ power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Her decision would be based on ... power if she followed the clinic director, since the director is at the top of the clinic's hierarchy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ waves occur during periods of relaxed wakefulness, and are predominant just before falling asleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| waves that occur in early stage 1 sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these are slow waves that occur in stages 3 and 4, the deepest, non-dreaming part of sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during this dreaming phase of sleep, there is increased respiration and heart rate, and relaxed muscle tone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to the ___ theory, women develop their sense of self through relationships with others. This theory is in opposition to male-oriented theories that emphasize autonomy and separation as pathways of development. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when someone loses something (e.g., a token, privileges) for misbehavior. |
|
|
Term
| the client, or to anyone designated by the client on an appropriate release |
|
Definition
| According to the 2002 APA Ethics Code, test data should be released to _____. The psychologist may refuse to release the data only if he or she believes that doing so would cause "substantial harm, or the misuse or misinterpretation of test data." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual presents to a hospital emergency room with a flushed face, rambling speech, tachycardia, restlessness, and diuresis. The most likely diagnosis is: |
|
|
Term
| 0 to the standard deviation of the test (SDx). |
|
Definition
| The range of the standard error of measurement is always |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The range of the validity coefficient is from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The range of the reliability coefficient is from |
|
|
Term
| 0 to the standard deviation of the criterion (SDy |
|
Definition
| The range of the standard error of estimate is from |
|
|
Term
| base rate, selection ratio, and criterion-related validity. |
|
Definition
| three key variables that affect incremental validity: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the rate of successful hiring without using a test. A moderate ... optimizes incremental validity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ratio of number of openings to number of applicants; a low ratio optimizes incremental validity. |
|
|
Term
| criterion-related validity |
|
Definition
| The ________ of the test is the correlation between scores on the test and scores on some outcome measure of performance or productivity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ____ the criterion-related validity, the ____ the incremental validity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| True or False: Hypnosis appears to have no ability to enhance accurate memory recollection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypnotized subjects tend to produce more false/true memories than non-hypnotized subjects. |
|
|
Term
Confabulation and Confidence in inaccurate memories |
|
Definition
These two C's are problems associated with recall during hypnosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first major level of Kohlberg's moral development is _____with an emphasis on compliance with rules to avoid punishment and get rewards. |
|
|
Term
Punishment-Obedience and Instrumental Hedonism |
|
Definition
| The two substages of Kohlberg's Preconventional Morality. |
|
|
Term
| Conventional Morality,conforming to rules to get social approval |
|
Definition
| The second major level of Kohlberg's Morality Stages is _____ with a focus on _____. |
|
|
Term
| Good Boy/Good Girl and Law and Order |
|
Definition
| The two substages of Kohlberg's Conventional Morality |
|
|
Term
| Postconventional Morality |
|
Definition
| The third level of Kohlberg's Morality Dev't is |
|
|
Term
| Morality of Contract, Rights and Laws, and Morality of Conscience. |
|
Definition
| two substages of post-conventional morality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Preadolescent sibling relationships are characterized by ____ when less emotionally inhibited with the sibling and ____ when engaged in shared family activities. |
|
|
Term
| norepinephrine and serotonin. |
|
Definition
| The neurotransmitters implicated in depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low levels of ___ are linked with anxiety and epilepsy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the neurotransmitter most often and most clearly associated with Schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
1. Conformity
2. Dissonance
3. Resistance and immersion
4. Introspection
5. Integrative Awareness |
|
Definition
| Sue & Sue's 5 stages of racial/cultural identity development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in this stage of racial identity development (Sue and Sue) the minority person unequivocally prefers the dominant culture's values over his or her own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During this stage of racial identity development (Sue & Sue), , the minority person becomes increasingly aware that not all values of dominant culture are beneficial, and certain aspects of minority culture begin to have appeal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During this stage of Sue & Sue's model, the tides turn and the minority person tends to endorse minority held views, and reject the dominant values of society and culture . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This fourth stage of Sue & Sue's model involves a deeper analysis of attitudes and feelings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During this final stage of Sue & Sue's model the person can appreciate unique aspects of his or her own culture as well as those of the dominant culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Autistic Disorder is ___ times more common in males. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is 6 to 9 times more common in males than females. |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia, Bipolar I Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. |
|
Definition
| 3 Disorders that are equally common in males and females |
|
|
Term
| Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| disorder that is twice as common in females as compared to males. |
|
|
Term
| aspirational, enforceable |
|
Definition
| In the American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002), there are five general principles, which are considered ..., and ten standards, which are considered to be the ... aspect of the Ethics Code. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to the psychoanalytic developmental theorist Margaret Mahler, the first month constitutes a/an ... phase (a speculation which has not, incidentally, been supported by further research), and months 2-4 constitute the ...phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of separation-individuation begins at around ... months, with four subphases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first subphase of separation individuation, occurs at (5-10 months) and includes stranger anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Second stage of Mahler's separation-individuation, occurs at ...and includes separation anxiety -- and hence would be the age for greatest problems during a separation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Third stage of Mahler's separation-individuation, occurs at ...months |
|
|
Term
| consolidation and object constancy, 24 to 36 |
|
Definition
| This is the final stage of Mahler's separation-individuation, occuring between ...months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychotherapy outcome is most influenced by ...factors, e.g., diagnoses, motivation for change, distress, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the cause of a disease is unknown, it is referred to as ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a medical term that refers to illness or complications, especially infections, that are caused in the course of receiving medical treatment (e.g., a patient contracts TB while in the hospital). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something that should be ineffective but which causes symptoms of ill health; the opposite of a placebo. caused by the suggestion or belief that something is harmful (e.g., expectation of unpleasant side effects leading to experiencing them despite receiving a sugar pill). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ________families tend to be egalitarian and rely on extended family for support. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Overall, ... who mature earlier tend to be at a disadvantage compared to late- maturing peers, while ... who mature earlier tend to have an advantage over late-maturing peers.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The concordance rate for identical twins with Bipolar Disorder ranges from about ...to.... Keep in mind that Bipolar I Disorder is among the most heavily genetically loaded disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is another name for stimulus generalization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...or making the conscious unconscious, is a fundamental aspect of all the defense mechanisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All ....have the purpose of keeping certain mental contents out of conscious awareness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... is the most primitive defense and refers to a straightforward refusal to accept the existence of the mental content. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... involves attributing one's own impulses to someone else, as in paranoia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves transforming an urge into its opposite, such as crusading against pornography when one is attracted to it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...occurs when a word is used too broadly in early speech (up to 18 mos). For example, a child calls the neighbor’s dog by the same name as her own. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ..occurs when a word is used too narrowly. For example, one’s own dog is referred to as “doggie,” even though it is the appropriate word for all dogs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...which occurs between 12 and 18 months of age, makes use of a single word to express a complex idea. For example, “up” means “pick me up.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...which occurs between 18 and 24 months of age, is a form of two word, noun-verb sentences. For example, “give candy,” means “I’d like you to give me some candy.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...is a standard of behavior that group members follow. It can be formally initiated by a leader or it can informally emerge from the members’ behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...is a specific assignment given to a group. Some types include conjunctive, disjunctive, and additive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
... refers to the tendency to perform better on simple, over-learned tasks when one is in the presence of others.
|
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia, Disorganized Type; Schizophrenia, Catatonic Type |
|
Definition
| Incoherence and loose associations are typical of... , while catatonic stupor, rigidity, or unusual posturing are typical of ... |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia, paranoid type |
|
Definition
| ...is characterized by systematized delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations related to a single theme. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a psychotic disorder that involves non-bizarre delusions and no previous history of active phase schizophrenic symptoms.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Of all ethics charges filed against psychologists, ...is the most frequent one.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adverse impact has occurred when the percentage of minorities hired is less than ...of the percentage of non-minorities hired. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs in hiring practices when predictor scores (tests) are different, but criterion scores (performance outcome) are similar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...is defined as different criterion-related validity coefficients for different ethnic groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an operant conditioning paradigm in which a person learns that emitting certain behavior can prevent negative consequences from occurring. |
|
|
Term
| direct, indirect, increases |
|
Definition
| The standard error of the mean has a/an ... relationship with the SD of the population and a/an ... relationship with sample size. The standard error of the mean ... when the SD of the population is increased and sample size is reduced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occurs when people in a group work less hard than they would if they were being evaluated individually. Making individual more accountable for individual contributions reduces ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurotransmitter which regulates mood and appetite; low levels associated with eating disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low levels of this neurotransmitter are associated with alzheimer's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low levels of this neurotransmitter are associated with parkinon's disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damage to this brain structure can result in amnestic syndromes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell loss in this structure, located in the basal ganglia, is associated with parkinson's |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of Parkinson's |
|
Definition
| resting tremors, akinesia (difficulty initiating movement), and shuffling gait. |
|
|
Term
Brown v. Board of Education |
|
Definition
| In Brown vs. Board of Education, the NAACP took up the case on behalf of Linda Brown (Response 4), a black girl attending fifth grade in the public schools in Topeka, Kansas, who was denied admission into a white elementary school. Thurgood Marshall was the NAACP counsel (Response 1), and John Davis (Response 2) argued on behalf of the defendant school officials. It was Professor Kenneth Clark of the City College of New York who created and performed innovative psychological tests using dolls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... amnesia is loss of memory for events occurring before the trauma; ... amnesia is loss of memory for events occurring after the trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Everything else being equal, the more items a test has, the more ...the test is. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test length has a/n ... effect on validity and a/n .....effect on reliability |
|
|
Term
| the fundamental attribution bias |
|
Definition
| According to ... people explain the failures of others by attributing the failure to internal causes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to this phenomenon, people typically attribute their own success to internal factors but attribute their own failures to external factors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| children with Type I diabetes become __________ with their diabetes medication regime as they enter adolescence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
may be ethical, provided at least two years have passed since the end of therapy and the psychologist can demonstrate there has been no exploitation in light of seven factors (e.g., nature and duration of therapy, patient's current mental status, etc.).
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Eriksonian stage corresponding to the second year of life (Freud's anal stage) is ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Erikson's ... corresponds to the first year of life (Freud's ... stage). |
|
|
Term
| initiative vs. guilt, phallic |
|
Definition
| Erikson's ...... stage corresponds to Freud's ...stage of 3 - 6 years, |
|
|
Term
| industry vs. inferiority, latency |
|
Definition
| Erikson's... stage corresponds to Freud's ...stage of 6 - 12 years. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is a frequently cited finding that... prefer a logical, structured, and directive approach in therapy;especially if somewhat unacculturated, they are likely to seek the services of a psychologist for more practical types of problems, such as vocational selection or evaluation of aptitude rather than for emotional problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... is the founder of Cognitive Therapy. He is known for "automatic thinking" and "logical errors." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the founder of Rational-Emotive Therapy, coined the term "irrational beliefs" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive self-statements are a focus of the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy of ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive and negative reinforcement are most commonly associated with these theorists |
|
|
Term
| a superordinate goal that could only be achieved with the cooperation of both factions |
|
Definition
| Based on Sherif's findings in the Robber's Cave study, the only approach that was found to be successful in decreasing intergroup hostility (i.e., hostility between two opposing factions) was the introduction of a ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research has shown the correlations of IQ are highest with ... parents as opposed to ... parents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Correlations are always ... when ranges are restricted. |
|
|
Term
| Raven's Progressive Matrices |
|
Definition
| This test consists of a series of abstract patterns with one piece missing. The test requires the person to pick out the missing piece using a multiple choice format. It is thought to be one of the best non-verbal tests of intelligence. |
|
|
Term
| general intelligence or "g" |
|
Definition
| Spearman argued that intelligence is based on one factor, ..., and proposed that intelligence tests should measure intelligence without becoming clouded by specific abilities. |
|
|
Term
| crystallized intelligence |
|
Definition
| refers to knowledge gained through experience (e.g., fund of knowledge) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ___ hypothesis states that people tend to like others who like them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ___ hypothesis proposes that people of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other. |
|
|
Term
| the similarity hypothesis |
|
Definition
| posits that people similar to each other (e.g., similar in age, race, or religion) tend to form intimate relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is a weak positive correlation (about .15) between satisfaction and ... and a moderate negative correlation between satisfaction and ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This therapy, developed by Meichenbaum, is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that combines modeling and graduated practice with elements of Rational-Emotive Theory, to help children or adults that have problems with task completion. |
|
|
Term
| Earlier onset in males (age 6 to 15) compared to females (20-29) |
|
Definition
| Modal onset for OCD in males is earlier/later than for females. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When you conduct a two-way ANOVA, you calculate three ..., and therefore there are three possibilities for significance. |
|
|
Term
| There are two possible main effects (for Variable A and Variable B), and a possible interaction effect. The important point is that when you get significance in a two-way ANOVA, it can be any combination of main effects and interactions. For example, it's possible that there would be only one main effect. It's equally possible that there would be a significant interaction effect and no main effects, or even that there would be two significant main effects and a significant interaction. |
|
Definition
| possible outcomes of 2-way ANOVA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the advantages of a two-way ANOVA over two separate one-way ANOVAs is the possibility of detecting the ....effect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ... effect occurs when someone finds personal meaning in a statement that could apply to anyone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ... effect is associated with a change in behavior that results from being observed |
|
|
Term
| Rosenthal, experimenter expectancies |
|
Definition
| The .... effect or ....refers to the cues or clues transmitted by the experimenter to the subjects that results in subjects conforming to the experimenter’s expectations . |
|
|
Term
| the Rosenthal effect or experimenter expectancies |
|
Definition
| In the original study of ... (1960s) teachers in an inner-city school were given information about students who were expected to blossom academically. While these students were selected at random, at the end of the year these students did blossom compared with those not on the list. |
|
|
Term
| The law of effect, Thorndike |
|
Definition
| ..., proposed by ..., asserts that people will tend to repeat an action that had a previously pleasurable outcome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Among childhood brain tumors, ...% are cerebellar astrocytomas, which can be either benign or malignant. |
|
|
Term
Fatigue, Learning problems, decreased Appetite, reduction in Growth,
Skin rashes
(flags) |
|
Definition
| common side effects of radiation treatment for cerebellar astrocytomas include ... |
|
|
Term
theme-interference problems; consultee-centered case consultation.
|
|
Definition
| In providing consultation, ...are problems that the supervisee (or consultee) is experiencing, that can affect patients' progress. Thus, the type of consultation needed in this instance is ... |
|
|
Term
| the minor's legal guardian, assent |
|
Definition
| Consent for the treatment of a minor must always be secured from ...The child should provide ... |
|
|
Term
| arrest and imprisonment of the perpetrator |
|
Definition
| ...is the intervention that has been demonstrated to have the greatest likelihood of preventing future incidents of domestic violence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves expanding jobs to give employees a greater role in planning and performing their work, thus providing an opportunity to build motivators or satisfiers into job content. |
|
|
Term
| job enrichment, Herzberg's Two-Factor |
|
Definition
| ...involves increasing employees' autonomy, authority, and freedom, and encouraging employees to take on challenging tasks. It is partially based on ... Theory, which predicts that increasing employees' responsibility (a motivator) will result in increased satisfaction and performance. |
|
|
Term
| Vroom's Expectancy Theory |
|
Definition
| This theory asserts that people behave in ways that are based on their perceived expectancy that certain rewards will follow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This theory looks at the ratio of self inputs/self outcomes versus others' inputs/others' outcomes, and is based on Social Comparison Theory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In general, the fewer the number of ..., the more likely it is that a victim will get help. |
|
|
Term
| the number of bystanders, whether they themselves have been victims of a violent crime and whether they have training in first aid or other helping skills. |
|
Definition
| 3 Factors that influence the willingness of bystanders to help are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... refers to the failure of bystanders to give assistance. The term is frequently associated with the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese in New York City, when thirty-eight people witnessed her stabbing without ever calling the police. |
|
|
Term
Sexual Disorder NOS, Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality |
|
Definition
| In both DSM-III-R and DSM-IV, the diagnosis for someone uncomfortable with his or her homosexual orientation is ... Way back in DSM-III, the diagnosis would have been ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...is a sexual disorder that is characterized by unusual sexual fantasies or practices (e.g., exhibitionism and fetishism). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... involves discomfort with one's biological gender. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The feature of speech that would normally be remembered best by a listener is (semantic, syntactic, phonemic, or acoustic)? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research on sex bias has found that both male and female judges tend to rate ... writers more favorably |
|
|
Term
| higher order, second order |
|
Definition
| This type of conditioning involves pairing the conditioned stimulus (CS) with another neutral stimulus that is typically unrelated (e.g., pairing the clap with saying bad dog). At this level, it is also referred to as ...conditioning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... involves generalizing from the conditioned stimulus (CS) to other similar neutral stimuli (e.g., generalizing from a clap to other loud noises). The response to the similar stimulus is not intentionally trained. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a response is elicited to a neutral stimulus that has not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). It may be the result of inadvertent pairings (e.g., the dog jumping when the experimenter walks into the room). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Piaget coined the term ..., which is the process by which a person adjusts to the environment using two complementary processes, assimilation and accommodation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| .... involves incorporating a new experience into an already established mental structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves modifying or expanding a cognitive structure or schema to take in new information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... refers to the striving toward balance between the person and the outside environment, as well as among the person's schemata. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typically achieved by the child's second birthday,... refers to the child's ability to understand that objects continue to exist independent of the child's involvement with them. |
|
|
Term
| current patients or those vulnerable to undue influence (e.g., a former patient with dependent personality disorder). |
|
Definition
| The APA Ethics Code states that it is permissible to solicit and use testimonials as long as they are not solicited from ... |
|
|
Term
| the client has no privilege and must be informed of the lack of confidentiality at the outset. |
|
Definition
| When a therapist performs evaluations on behest of the court, ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in court-ordered therapy (e.g., for spousal abuse), ...is the holder of privilege and is typically entitled to ... confidentiality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alcoholics Anonymous adheres to a ... model of addiction. |
|
|
Term
| Marlatt's , overlearned habit |
|
Definition
| In his cognitive behavioral approach to managing addiction, skills for relapse prevention are taught and addiction is viewed primarily as an .... |
|
|
Term
| mislabeling, Thomas Szasz |
|
Definition
| The concept of ... is associated with ..., whose somewhat controversial book, "The Myth of Mental Illness," argues that psychiatric diagnoses are labels devoid of significance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ABAB designs offer good control over .... and.... effects. |
|
|
Term
| the outcome measure (DV) may fail to return to baseline once the person has been exposed to the first part of treatment. |
|
Definition
| A key problem with an ABAB design is the possibility that .. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The focus of the ...is on how social and cultural factors influence and shape personality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...analysts focus intensely on underlying unconscious conflicts . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these clinicians focus on ego defensive and conflict-free functioning |
|
|
Term
| alcohol, and the category of sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics |
|
Definition
| The substances whose withdrawal syndromes involve hallucinations are .... Withdrawal from these substances can potentially be fatal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenobarbital is a ..., which is a type of hypnotic. Very commonly used in the 1950s, these drugs are rarely prescribed as hypnotics now. They still have a prominent place in the treatment of seizures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There is no characteristic withdrawal syndrome for ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Withdrawal from ... is characterized by dysphoria, fatigue, unpleasant dreams, increased appetite, and psychomotor agitation or retardation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| withdrawal from...is known for flu-like symptoms. |
|
|
Term
unethical (confusing) ethical |
|
Definition
| advertising one’s doctoral status would be considered ethical/unethical. Listing the fee schedule is considered ethical/unethical. |
|
|
Term
| continued problems in this area as an adult, although for some individuals the problem seems to resolve by adulthood. |
|
Definition
| The most likely outcome for a child with a reading disorder is to have ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
.. is the extent to which the actual criterion (e.g., church attendance) truly measures the conceptual criterion (e.g., morality); the greater the criterion deficiency, the less ... |
|
|
Term
| Criterion-related validity |
|
Definition
| ... is the degree of correlation between the predictor and criterion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In general, the ...is the best measure of central tendency, however, the ..is better when there are either some very extreme scores, or a substantial percentage of maximum scores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... refer to a group's tolerance of an individual's disregard for group norms. |
|
|
Term
| initially conforming to the group norms |
|
Definition
| idiosyncrasy credits can be earned by ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Of all the therapist ingredients that contribute to success, ...has been found to be among the most powerful. |
|
|
Term
| hesitant participation, a search for meaning, and dependency. |
|
Definition
| According to Yalom, the first stage is characterized by these 3. |
|
|
Term
| conflicts, efforts at dominance, and rebellion against the leader. |
|
Definition
| The second stage of group development includes these 3. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The third stage of Yalom's group development is marked by the development of |
|
|
Term
“secure/autonomous” (high coherence and consistency); “insecure/dismissing” (contradictions and lapses in memory); and “insecure/preoccupied” (confused, incoherent) “unresolved/disorganized” |
|
Definition
| In general, adults who receive the Adult Attachment Interview can be categorized as one of these three . After receiving one of these three labels, adults who discuss trauma and loss may be additionally categorized as .. if they show momentary lapses of reasoning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In general, secure adults tend to have ... infants; dismissing adults tend to have ... infants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alternative work schedules have been found to have little impact on ..., but to have a significant impact on improving ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The "classic aging profile" of intelligence test results would show greater impairments in ... intelligence compared to ...intelligence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ...conflict is one in which the person must choose between two desirable alternatives, and, subsequent to choosing, slightly devalues the alternative not chosen. This is a bit like what one would expect as a result of cognitive dissonance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In an ...conflict, the individual is both drawn to and repelled by the same alternative. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... predicts the kinds of attributions we make for our successes (internal attributions) versus our failures (external attributions). |
|
|
Term
reactive attachment disorder
disinhibited, inhibited |
|
Definition
| In the ... type of this disorder, there is "indiscriminant sociability," e.g., the child responds to strangers in an over-friendly way. In the ... type, the child is inhibited, hypervigilant, or highly ambivalent. |
|
|
Term
| minorities, non-minorities |
|
Definition
| Research has found that ... prematurely terminate more often than ...; however, if ... stay in treatment, they seem to do as well as ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There is no clear research support for matching the ... of therapists with that of their patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Different minority groups demonstrate different preferences for degree of ... |
|
|
Term
| autistic disorder and asperger's disorder |
|
Definition
| the diagnostic criteria for these two disorders includes social interaction impairments and stereotyped or repetitive behavior and activities |
|
|
Term
| delays in language , language impairment |
|
Definition
| the criteria for Asperger's Disorder specifically exclude ...whereas Autistic Disorder requires... . |
|
|
Term
| Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. |
|
Definition
| The requirement of two years of normal development is a marker for ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The required age of onset for Autistic Disorder is before age ...;there is no specified age of onset for Asperger's. |
|
|
Term
| Generalized conditioned reinforcers |
|
Definition
| .. are a special case of secondary reinforcers that acquire their reinforcing value because they can be exchanged for other reinforcers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is thought to underlie the acquisition of complex behaviors (e.g., driving a car), in which each response serves both as reinforcement for the previous response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classical conditioning is also called .... |
|
|
Term
| Instrumental conditioning |
|
Definition
| is another name for operant conditioning. |
|
|
Term
| .85, Keep in mind that an effect size is a measure of standard deviation, so .85 means that treated people do about .85 of a standard deviation better than untreated individuals. |
|
Definition
| The average effect size found in recent psychotherapy outcome research is about ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this theory suggests that when standards are ambiguous and subjective (e.g., "professionalism"), we compare ourselves to others (usually but not always those slightly above us), |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "multiple relationships that would not reasonably be expected to cause impairment or risk exploitation or harm are not ..." |
|
|
Term
70%, 20% an available partner. |
|
Definition
| It is estimated that .. of men and .. of women over age 60 are sexually active. Sexually activity is usually limited by the absence of ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to Freud, it is during the ... stage (from three to about six years old) that children become sexually attracted to the parent of the opposite sex and consequently fear punishment from the parent of the same sex (e.g., castration anxiety in boys). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ... stage occurs from one to three years and involves conflicts around toilet training and retention versus expulsion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During this psychsexual stage, which occurs from about six to twelve years of age, sexual feelings are more or less quiescent and so too would be the consequent fears of retribution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freud's ... stage occurs in adulthood and is characterized by 'mature' sex with members of the opposite sex. |
|
|
Term
professional psychologist professional psychologist "clinical psychologist" |
|
Definition
| The term ...describes a person with a doctorate in psychology from a regionally accredited school. One does not need to be licensed in order to be designated as a .... One may not call oneself a ... without a license. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the 1950's, Friedman and Rosenham's large scale Framingham studies found that individuals with ...personalities (stressed, hard-driving, impatient, competitive) were more likely to suffer from heart disease than their more laid back .... personality counterparts. |
|
|
Term
| level of hostility and conflicts about expressing anger |
|
Definition
| Of the various characteristics of individuals with Type A personality, it is ...that are most predictive of cardiovascular disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... is a non-parametric test of differences, used when data are nominal, or categorical. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Although there are specific non-parametric tests for ordinal data (e.g., ...), the ...can accommodate ordinal data. |
|
|
Term
| Yes. When there is more than one independent variable, the multiple sample chi square is run. |
|
Definition
Can the chi-square be used with multiple IV's? |
|
|
Term
| independence of observations |
|
Definition
One of the main assumptions of the chi square is ..., thus, a chi square cannot be run when repeated observations are made (e.g., data are collected pre and post). |
|
|
Term
| confidentiality, reminding |
|
Definition
| The group therapist is responsible for emphasizing the importance of ... at the outset, and periodically ... patients about it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tipping the waiter after each course would be a form of ... reinforcement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a social cognitive behaviorist, is most well known for observational learning from a model. |
|
|
Term
| Correlation, reliability and validity |
|
Definition
| These three are always lower when the range is restricted for one or both variables. |
|
|
Term
| the raw score distribution |
|
Definition
| the shape of a Z-score distribution is identical to (or follows) the shape of ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flat or rectangular describes the shape of the distribution of ... |
|
|
Term
| stress level , Cushing’s or Addison’s |
|
Definition
| Cortisol testing measures the level of corticosteroids in the blood, saliva or urine. Blood cortisol tests are used to monitor ...as well as to test adrenal function in suspected cases of ...diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...means that we can learn by watching and imitating others, and by anticipating future reinforcement. This notion is associated with Bandura's model of observational learning. |
|
|
Term
| Social Learning Theory or Social Cognitive Behaviorism. |
|
Definition
| Bandura's theory is usually called ...or.... |
|
|
Term
| control; continuous , intermittent; simple, repetitive. |
|
Definition
| The research on noise in the workplace has found that it is not the noise itself, but rather the perception of ... that is important. It has also been found that ...noise in the workplace is less disruptive than ... noise , and that noise is generally less disruptive with ... tasks. |
|
|
Term
| trauma, Genetic abnormalities |
|
Definition
| Cerebral Palsy is a disorder that results from birth ... in an otherwise healthy fetus. ... result in Down's Syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diseases that are ...(such as color blindness) are much, much more common in males than females. If a mother is a carrier and the father is not color blind, each son has a ... chance of being color blind. The daughters in this scenario can only be carriers and will not be color blind. |
|
|
Term
| transference, For example, one may initially experience one's therapist as a "godlike" figure (or archetype). |
|
Definition
| Jungians view ... as a projection of the personal and collective unconscious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Jungian theory, /// is not seen as a defense , a symptom, or reflecting discomfort with one's shadow |
|
|
Term
| They are allowed, provided that there is then no coercion or undue influence to get the client to continue. |
|
Definition
| Psychologists are/are not allowed to advertise and offer the first session (consultation) for free. |
|
|
Term
| Griggs versus the Duke Power Company, |
|
Definition
| The use of selection tests in industry has been influenced by the case of .... in which it was ruled that certain tests, such as the Wonderlic, were unfair to use in making decisions about hiring and promotion. Broad, general testing was faulted, and testing was required to measure the specific skills required by a particular job. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Larry P. vs. Riles the court ruled that ... unfairly discriminated against minority students, resulting in too many being labeled as needing special education. As a result, ...alone can no longer be used in assigning minority students to special education services. |
|
|
Term
| money, Physical punishment and embarrassment |
|
Definition
| It has been found that ... is one of the things that most influences a person with an Antisocial Personality Disorder. ... and ...have little impact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... is one component involved in the inability to conserve: the pre-operational child fails to understand that a tall, thin glass may actually hold the same amount of liquid as a short but stout glass. |
|
|
Term
| Equilibration, assimilation or accommodation |
|
Definition
| ...is the need for balance between the person and the outside environment as well as among the person’s schemata. This need will determine the extent to which a child uses .... |
|
|
Term
| Seriation, concrete operational , pre-operational |
|
Definition
| ... involves putting things in order, an easy task for the ...child but not for the ...child. |
|
|
Term
| sensorimotor stage (one to four months), |
|
Definition
| Primary circular reactions occur early in the ...when a child’s own action stimulates the child to perform that action more. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Successful aging is most associated with |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ... theory of memory proposes that we remember best when we minimize ... immediately after we learn something, or in this case, if we sleep. |
|
|
Term
| Minuchin, hierarchy, boundary |
|
Definition
| Structural Family Therapists follow the work of .... The key aspect of this treatment is focusing on the family's ... and working on problematic ... violations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Differentiation issues are addressed by ..therapists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prescribing the symptom is typical of a ...therapist (e.g., ...). |
|
|
Term
-Communications Family Therapist -Satir, Jackson, and Bateson |
|
Definition
| Concern for double binds would likely be the focus of... therapists such as .... These therapists are sometimes known as the Mental Research Institute (MRI) group. |
|
|
Term
| clearly mark it confidential |
|
Definition
| In order to adhere to the highest possible standards, when sending patient information electronically to an insurance company for billing, you should: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A supportive program set up after an individual is released from the hospital would be ... prevention, which aims to prevent ... and keep a person functioning at the highest level possible. Other examples would include day treatment programs for people with Schizophrenia, or AA for alcoholics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This neurotransmitter is associated with anxiety, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While ... assumes that workers are lazy and must be coerced, ... contends that people are industrious, creative, and seek responsibility. |
|
|
Term
| the tendency to reveal less in the group and save self-disclosure for what is seen as a less risky situation, namely individual therapy. |
|
Definition
| One disadvantage of being in both individual and group therapy is ... |
|
|
Term
| group polarization, aka response polarization |
|
Definition
| Occurs when group members make more extreme decisions than they would have individually. |
|
|
Term
-occipital -temporal -parietal |
|
Definition
| The lobes responsible for vision are the .. lobes. The ... lobes contain the primary auditory cortex. The ... lobes process somatosensory information (e.g., touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... is the term used to describe single subject approaches while ... describes group approaches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... data can be compared both within and across subjects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... data results from a forced-choice format. It can only describe relative strengths or interests within a subject and cannot be used for comparisons across subjects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Although no causation has been established, socioeconomic status is ... correlated with mental illness |
|
|
Term
| denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. These stages may be remembered by the acronym "DABDA." |
|
Definition
| Elizabeth Kubler-Ross' five stages are: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The hardest behaviors to extinguish are those that are reinforced on a/an ... rather than .. schedule of reinforcement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Of the intermittent schedules, the ...is the most resistant to extinction.
|
|
|
Term
| fixed interval, fixed ratio |
|
Definition
| Time-contingent reinforcement typically implies a ... schedule. Reinforcement every other time a behavior is emitted indicates a ... schedule. |
|
|
Term
| footnote or introductory statement |
|
Definition
| Minor contributions to research should be acknowledged in a ... or .... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... is used when there are multiple dependent variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ... is used when the dependent variable is nominal or categorical. |
|
|
Term
| one way ANOVA, the two-way anova, three way anova |
|
Definition
| ... is used when there is one IV (regardless of the number of levels) and one DV. By extension, ... is used when there are two IVs (regardless of the number of levels) and one DV; the ...is used when there are three IVs and one DV. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is used when there is more than one IV (e.g, two IVs, three IVs, etc) and one DV. |
|
|
Term
| DRO, or differential reinforcement for other behaviors |
|
Definition
| this intervention combines operant extinction for an undesired behavior with reinforcement for more appropriate behavior |
|
|
Term
| Implicit memory, Explicit memory |
|
Definition
| ...refers to memories that don’t require conscious recollection, like driving a car or playing the piano. ...involves the conscious recollection of facts and autobiographical events. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...damage generally results in problems forming long-term memories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ....hypothesis states that the language people use actually shapes how they think (e.g., English-speakers think about snow differently from the Eskimos since they have fewer words for it). |
|
|
Term
| Law of Parsimony also known as Occam's razor, |
|
Definition
| Suggests that the best explanation for a phenomenon is the one that is simplest and requires the fewest assumptions. |
|
|
Term
| Job enlargement, performance |
|
Definition
| ... involves increasing the variety of tasks, but not responsibility or degree of challenge. Research has found that it increases satisfaction but does not improve ... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...involves increasing employees' responsibility and involvement. It has been found to increase both satisfaction and performance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some ..% or so of infants are securely attached by age one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infants can/cannot attach to more than one person during the first year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| His experiments with monkeys demonstrated that attachment is not based on the fulfillment of drives such as hunger . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...was developed by Ainsworth specifically to assess for quality of attachment. It involves leaving the child with the mother, introducing a stranger, having the mother leave and then return. |
|
|
Term
| secure, ambivalent, and avoidant. |
|
Definition
| Ainsworth proposed three types of attachment: ......... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves having clients do the opposite of what they might expect. |
|
|
Term
| gender labeling, gender stability, and gender consistency |
|
Definition
| Kohlberg outlined these three stages of the development of gender identity in children. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this stage of Kohlberg's gender identity development, children identify others as male or female based on physical appearances such a clothing or hair style and do not recognize that gender is stable over time. Thus, as physical characteristics change (e.g., hair length), gender changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this stage of Kohlberg's gender identity development, children recognize that gender is stable over time (e.g., boys will grow up to be daddies), however, there is still some confusion as to whether superficial appearance serves as a way of identifying gender. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this stage of Kohlberg's gender identity development, children fully understand the nature of gender as permanent across time and situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...therapists believe that different parts of a dream reflect different aspects of the person. They work with dreams by having the patient become each element of the dream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to the Ethics Code, when a couple have been in treatment, who must consent before confidential information may be released? |
|
|
Term
| moderately favorable , either highly favorable or highly unfavorable |
|
Definition
| Fiedler's LPC theory states that high LPCs do best in ... situations, while low LPCs do best in ... situations. This is a curvilinear relationship. |
|
|
Term
| LPC or "least preferred coworker", "high LPC" |
|
Definition
| This term refers to the worker with whom the leader works least well. If the leader nevertheless rates these coworkers highly, the leader is considered to be a ... leader and to be relationship-oriented. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...involves talking about anxiety-provoking situations and purging the associated emotions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A behaviorist would argue that catharsis works to reduce anxiety by a process of ... akin to flooding with response prevention . |
|
|
Term
| ambivalent/anxious, disorganized |
|
Definition
| preoccupied adults tend to have ...infants; and disorganized/unresolved adults tend to have ... infants. |
|
|
Term
| the fulfillment of drives such as hunger |
|
Definition
| Harlow's experiments with monkeys demonstrated that attachment, contrary to Freud's hypothesis, is not based on ... |
|
|
Term
| secure, ambivalent, and avoidant |
|
Definition
| three types of attachment proposed by Ainsworth: |
|
|
