Term
| When is the Therapeutic Window? |
|
Definition
| Drug level is high enough to work, but not so high as to cause toxicity |
|
|
Term
| When is considered a narrow therapeutic window? |
|
Definition
| When a drug's therapeutic and toxic concentrations are very close |
|
|
Term
| When are peak levels reached? |
|
Definition
after absorption and distribution,
generally 1 hour after a dose |
|
|
Term
| When are trough levels reached? |
|
Definition
| when the drug is at its lowest concentration, just before a dose |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Each dose is additive to what remains from the previous dose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generally, When is a Steady State Reached? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the amount of drug = the amount of drug eliminated |
|
|
Term
| TDM Specimen Collection - When will you draw the Peak? |
|
Definition
| draw 1 hour after an oral dose of drug |
|
|
Term
| TDM Specimen Collection - When will you draw the Trough? |
|
Definition
| draw right before the next dose is given |
|
|
Term
True or False:
With TDM Specimen Collection you should avoid serum separator tubes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you do to TDM samples that have been drawn through an IV line used to administer drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Age Group will Utilize drugs at 2X adult level based on body weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Higher GFR & Higher Protein Levels are tied to what group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 3 Cardioactive Drugs |
|
Definition
Digoxin
Quinidine
Procainamide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| When should you collect a peak for Digoxin? |
|
Definition
| 8-10 hours after oral dose |
|
|
Term
| For What type of MO are aminoglycosides given? |
|
Definition
| Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria |
|
|
Term
| For What type of MO is Vancomycin given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With which Antibiotic are the following consistent with:
Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin.
IV or IM only |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With which Antibiotic is the following consistent with:
Red Man Syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Both Aminoglycosides & Vancomycin can cause renal damage and irreversible hearing impairment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 First Generation Anti-Epileptic Drugs (Anti-seizure/Anti-convulsant) |
|
Definition
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Valproic Acid
Carbamazepine |
|
|
Term
Which First Generation Anti-Epileptic Drug is consistent with the following:
the administered
"proform". After ingestion, it
converts to phenobarbital. Both drugs should be assayed.
Peaks at 10 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which First Generation Anti-Epileptic Drug is consistent with the following:
oxicity includes seizures.
Up to 97% is protein-bound, so labs may assay both total and Free dilantin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a side effect of Phenytoin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which First Generation Anti-Epileptic Drug is consistent with the following:
Toxicity includes pancreatitis & hallucinations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which First Generation Anti-Epileptic Drug is consistent with the following:
Tegretol
Serious toxicity = leukopenia and aplastic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 2 Psychoactive Drugs |
|
Definition
Lithium
Tricyclic Antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| List 3 Immunosuppressives |
|
Definition
Cyclosporine
Tacrolimus
Thalidomide |
|
|
Term
What Psychoactive Drug is consistent with the following:
Manic-depressive disorders.
Toxicity = lethargy, apathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What Psychoactive Drug is consistent with the following:
Depression, insomnia.
Effects not evident for 2-4 weeks |
|
Definition
| Tricyclic Antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| Many Tricyclic Antidepressants are being replaced with what due to fewer side effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What Immunosuppressive Drug is consistent with the following:
To suppress host-versus-graft rejection of transplanted Organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What Immunosuppressive Drug is consistent with the following:
FK506
100 x more potent than cyclosporine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What Immunosuppressive Drug is consistent with the following:
Serious birth defects 1956-1961
Multiple myeloma treatment prior to b.marrow transplant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Antineoplactic Drug that was discussed in lecture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Antineoplactics are usually given as a single IV dose & TDM is NOT very affective for most |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Antineoplastic Inhibits DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Antineoplastic is connected with Leukemia, Lymphomas, and other cancers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What else is Methotrexate used to treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary cause of toxicity in patients taking therapeutic drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs exist in two forms in the circulation. Describe these 2 forms and explain which is pharmacologically active |
|
Definition
| Protein-bound and free (free form is active) |
|
|
Term
| What is “first pass” metabolism? |
|
Definition
| Drugs absorbed by the GI tract are first routed through the liver before entering the circulation. This may cause some metabolic changed to the drug. |
|
|
Term
| If a patient had a serum drug level at 8:00 of 100 ng/mL, and the t1/2 is 1 hour, what will the serum concentration be at 10:00? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 4 physical changes which affect drug metabolism in an elderly patient |
|
Definition
| GFR, proteins, cardiac output and liver function are all reduced |
|
|
Term
| To which drug is primidone the proform? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For which drugs should a peak level be drawn 8-10 hours after an oral dose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should SST (serum separator tubes) be avoided? |
|
Definition
| Some drugs may be absorbed by the gel, causing a falsely decreased level of drug |
|
|
Term
| Who are the most common victims of poisoning? |
|
Definition
| Age 15-30, suicides and ODs |
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