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Definition
| anything that draws two or more people together, making them want to be together and possibly to form a lasting relationship |
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Definition
| a situation in which other people have come to like you, respect you, approve of you, and include you in their groups and relationships |
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| rejection (social exclusion) |
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Definition
| being prevented by others from forming or keeping a social bond with them; the opposite of acceptance |
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Definition
| the desire to form and maintain close, lasting relationships with other individuals |
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| what people actively do to try to make someone like them |
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| the ability to change one's behavior for different situations |
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Definition
| the proposition that people tend to pair up with others who are equally attractive |
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| the proposition that people and animals will perform behaviors that have been rewarded more than they will perform other behaviors |
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Definition
| being near someone on a regular basis |
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| the idea that a partner's annoying habits become more annoying over time |
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| what is beautiful is good effect |
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Definition
| the assumption that physically attractive people will be superior to others on many other traits |
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Definition
| being excluded, rejected and ignored by others |
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Definition
| a tendency to expect rejection from others and to become hypersensitive to possible rejection |
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Definition
| the painful feeling of wanting more human contact or connection than you have |
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Definition
| the idea that one person who breaks the rules can inspire other people to break the rules also |
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Definition
| a situation in which one person loves another but the other does not return that love |
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Definition
| persisting in romantic, courtship or other behaviors that frighten and harass the rejecter in a relationship |
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Term
| passionate love (romantic love) |
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Definition
| strong feelings of longing, desire and excitement toward a special person |
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Term
| compassionate love (affectionate love) |
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Definition
| mutual understanding and caring to make the relationship succeed |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotional state characterized by high bodily arousal, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure |
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Definition
| a feeling of closeness, mutual understanding and mutual concern for each other's welfare and happiness |
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Definition
| a conscious decision that remains constant |
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Definition
| relationships based on reciprocity and fairness, in which people expect something in return |
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Definition
| relationships based on mutual love and concern, without expectation of repayment |
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Definition
| a theory that classifies people into 4 attachment styles (secure, preoccupied, dismissing avoidant and fearful avoidant) based on 2 dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) |
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Term
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Definition
| style of attachment in which people are low on anxiety and low on avoidance; they trust their partners, share their feelings, provide and receive support and comfort, and enjoy their relationships |
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Term
| preoccupied (anxious/ambivalent) attachment |
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Definition
| style of attachment in which people are low on avoidance but high on anxiety; they want to enjoy closeness but worry that their relationship partners will abandon them |
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Term
| dismissing avoidant attachment |
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Definition
| style of attachment in which people are low on anxiety but high on avoidance; they tend to view partners as unreliable, unavailable and uncaring |
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Term
| fearful avoidant attachment |
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Definition
| style of attachment in which people have both high anxiety and high avoidance; they have low opinions of themselves and keep others from getting close |
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Term
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Definition
| regarding yourself as being a responsibly good person as you are |
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Definition
| theory that uses 3 factors- satisfaction, alternatives and investments- to explain why people stay with their long-term relationship partners |
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Term
| relationship-enhancing style of attribution |
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Definition
| tendency of happy couples to attribute their partner's good acts to internal factors and bad acts to external factors |
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Term
| distress-maintaining style of attribution |
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Definition
| tendency of unhappy couples to attribute their partner's good acts to external factors and bad acts to internal factors |
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Term
| social constructionist theories |
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Definition
| theories asserting that attitudes and behaviors, including sexual desire and sexual behavior, are strongly shaped by culture and socialization |
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Term
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Definition
| theory of sexuality asserting that the sex drive has been shaped by natural selection and that its forms thus tend to be innate (natural) |
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Term
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Definition
| theory that seeks to understand social behavior by analyzing the costs and benefits of interacting with each other; it assumes that sex is a resource that women have and men want |
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Definition
| the sexually arousing power of a new partner (greater than the appeal of a familiar partner) |
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Definition
| the degree to which the sex drive can be shaped and altered by social, cultural and situational forces |
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Definition
| having sex with someone other than one's regular relationship partner, such as a spouse or boy/girlfriend |
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| beliefs held in common by several or many people; public awareness |
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Definition
| the fact that a man cannot be sure that the children born to his female partner are his |
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Definition
| condemning women more than men for the same sexual behavior (e.g., premarital sex) |
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Definition
| condemning men more than women for the same sexual behavior (e.g., premarital sex) |
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Definition
| characteristics of individuals that are considered socially unacceptable (e.g., being overweight, mentally ill, sick, poor or physically scarred) |
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Definition
| preferential treatment of, or more favorable attitudes toward, people in one's own group |
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Definition
| the finding that people show favoritism toward ingroup members even when group membership is randomly determined |
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Definition
| goals that can be achieved only by cooperating and working with others |
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| realistic conflict theory |
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Definition
| the idea that competition over scarce recourses leads to intergroup hostility and conflict |
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Term
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Definition
| situation in which people can attain their goals only if others do not |
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Definition
| situation in which people must work together with others to help all achieve their goals |
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Definition
| the finding that groups are more extreme, and often more hostile, than individuals |
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Definition
| the idea that regular interaction between members of different groups reduces prejudice, providing that it occurs under favorable conditions |
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Definition
| a cooperative learning technique for reducing feelings of prejudice |
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Definition
| a prediction that ensures, by the behavior it generates, that it will come true |
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Definition
| a prediction that ensures, by the behavior it generates, that it will not come true |
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Definition
| the fear that one might confirm the stereotypes that others hold |
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Definition
| a negative feeling toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group |
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Definition
| prejudiced attitudes toward a particular race |
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Definition
| simultaneously holding egalitarian values and negative feelings toward minorities |
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Definition
| unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to which they belong |
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Definition
| beliefs that associate groups of people with certain traits |
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Definition
| categories that people use for individuals who do not fit a general stereotype |
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Definition
| the natural tendency of humans to sort objects into groups |
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Definition
| the process of sorting people into groups on the basis of characteristics they have in common (e.g., race, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation |
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Definition
| people who belong to a different group or category than we do |
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Term
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Definition
| people who belong to the same group or category as we do |
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Term
| outgroup homogeneity bias |
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Definition
| the assumption that outgroup members are more similar to one another than ingroup members are to one another |
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Definition
| rejection of those who associate with stigmatized others |
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Definition
| excessive fear of homosexuals or homosexual behavior |
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Definition
| being obvious or standing out |
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Definition
| the idea that blaming problems and misfortunes on outgroups contributes to negative attitudes toward these outgroups |
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Definition
| the tendency for people to take credit for success but refuse blame for problems and failures |
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Definition
| deciding as quickly as possible whether a string of letters is a real word or not |
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Definition
| the tendency to focus more on evidence that supports one's expectations than on evidence that contradicts them |
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