Term
|
Definition
| Microorganisms that colonize a person or an animal usually without causing disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Invasion and growth of pathogens resulting in tissue injury caused by the activites of the pathogen or host immune responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impairment of body structure or function causing a specific set of signs and symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by a genetic or degenerative process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Require a special circumstance to produce disease
One opportunistic pathogen will cause a variety of infections
Commonly encountered organisms or ones that you carry with you |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Able to infect a healthy host under their own power to initiate disease
Usually cause one specific disease
Not commonly encountered and are not carried with you |
|
|
Term
| What are the adherence factors of a pathogen? |
|
Definition
capsule
fimbriae
surface receptors
hook
viral spikes
host cell actin fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Released from live bacteria
Come from Gram (+) & Gram (-) bacteria
Made of proteins
more toxic than endotoxins
have specific effects on host
heat sensitive
antigenic (stimulates an immune response) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Released from dead bacteria
Come from Gram (-) bacteria
Made of lipopolysaccharides
Less toxic than exotoxins
Have generalized effects on host
Not heat sensitive
Not antigenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The source of the pathogen (where it multiplies) ex. human, animals, water ect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Where and how a pathogen leaves an infected host
ex. skin, blood, urine, ect. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 transmission modes |
|
Definition
1. Contact
2. Vehicle
3. Arthropod vector |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of contact? |
|
Definition
1. Direct contact= physical contact between reservoir and new host. ex kissing, sex, petting an animal
2.Indirect contact= transmission through fomite (contaminated, inanimate object)
3. Droplet infection= salivary or respiratory discharges in the air that travel less than 1 meter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nonliving carrier of an infectious agent
ex. food,water,blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A living organism that carries and transmits a pathogen from one host to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pathogen enters a host through breakages in skin and mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Where/how pathogen enters the body of a new host
ex. skin, mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If more than one case is traced back to the same source
ex. if more than one person gets food poisoining from the same restaurant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infections you get from a hospital or a healthcare setting |
|
|
Term
| What are the sources of a nosocomial infection? |
|
Definition
| Transmitted through patients, hospital staff, and contaminated objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Actual number of cells of a particular pathogen that is required to overcome the host defenses and initiate infection |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages in the course of a disease? |
|
Definition
1. Infections=pathogen enters host, overcomes host defenses and initiates the course of the disease
2. Incubation period=time between infection and appearance of first symptoms
3. Prodromal period= appearance of nonspecific symptoms
4. Period of illness= appearance of obvious, specific symptoms
5. Convalescence period= recovery from illness |
|
|
Term
| Which stages are most contagious and why? |
|
Definition
| The last half of incubation period and the prodromal period because with a set of nonspecific symptoms people don't know they are sick and they are infecting others |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 levels of recovery? |
|
Definition
1. Recovery with immunity=lifelong immunity, good chance you won't get the disease again
2. Recovery without immunity= may have the same disease again
3. Recovery as a carrier of the pathogen= no symptoms, acts as a reservoir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slow onset, long duration: months or years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid onset, short duration: days or weeks |
|
|
