Term
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Definition
| the fear that one might confirm the negative stereotypes held by others about one's group |
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Term
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Definition
| to decide that the area is no longer relevant to their self esteem (females' ambitions in middle vs. high school) |
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Term
| Reducing Stereotype Threat |
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Definition
Humor reduces anxiety
Role model who contradicts stereotype
Learning about stereotype threats |
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Term
| Evolutionary Thought on Prejudice |
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Definition
| there is some sort of biological basis for prejudice. Clear prejudice occurs between biologically similar people who hold different beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| the way we think; inevitable byproduct of information processing. Categorization
Schemas and Heuristics
Faulty memory processes |
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Term
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Definition
| learning form parents, teachers, peers, etc. By age 5 most children have begun to develop clear-cut racial attitudes Media: norms in art, literature, drama, film and TV, etc. |
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Term
| Authoritarian Personality |
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Definition
| those who cannot accept their own "inner conflicts," believe in authority, and see their own inadequacies in others |
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Term
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Definition
IAT: Implicit Association Task
Disguised questionnaires
Elaborate experimental cover stories
Physiological measures (facial EMG, galvanic skin response, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| stereotypes are automatically triggered (easy), then we decide on whether or not to accept them (controlled, difficult) |
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Term
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Definition
| three kinds of people: No automatic negative reaction (rare) Have automatic negative reaction and have no problem expressing their prejudice (rare) Have automatic negative reaction but suppress it (most common) |
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Term
| Stereotyping is associated with |
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Definition
| superficial processing; in other words as cognitive capacity decreases, stereotyping increases |
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Term
| Stereotyping more likely to happen when: |
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Definition
Under time pressure
Experiencing an overload of information
Experiencing intense emotions
At times of low circadian arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| suppressing stereotypic thoughts makes them more accessible in the mind and in some cases, more likely to influence future actions and thoughts |
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Term
| Gender Differences in Aggression |
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Definition
Males: hostile aggression
Females: indirect aggression |
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Term
| Neural and Chemical Influences in Aggression |
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Definition
amygdola (fear and aggression)
Serotonin: too low, high aggression
Testosterone: high, high aggression
Pain: high, high aggression |
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Term
| Old Frustration-Aggression Theory |
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Definition
| frustration --> all forms of aggression |
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Term
| New Frustration-Aggression Theory |
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Definition
| frustration, pain, etc. --> negative feelings --> aggression |
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Term
| Excitation Transfer Theory |
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Definition
| arousal leads to aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| having weapons around leads to more aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| aggression against a substitute target because aggression toward the source of frustration is impossible or undesirable |
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Term
| Evolutionary Perspective (aggression) |
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Definition
| competition for resources |
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Term
| Behavior Genetics Perspective (aggression) |
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Definition
| notable aggression is hereditary |
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Term
| Biological Perspective (aggression) |
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Definition
| high testosterone and low serotonin --> high aggression |
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Term
| Classic vs. Modern racism |
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Definition
Classic = overt
Modern = covert |
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Term
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Definition
| humans want to preserve mental resources by using stereotypes and heuristics |
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Term
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Definition
Affective
Behavioral
Cognitive |
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Term
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Definition
| analysis of previous studies |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of identifying individuals as members of social groups because they share "typical features" of the group |
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Term
| Minimal Intergroup Paradigm |
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Definition
| experiment in which short-term, arbitrary, artificial groups are created to explore prejudice and discrimination |
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Term
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Definition
| when you have low self-esteem, you feel the need to change something until you have adequate self-esteem |
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Term
| How to Eliminate Prejudice/Stereotyping/Discrimination |
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Definition
| Forcing groups together is useless unless there are the following Group interdependence
Overarching goal |
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