Term
| 1 in ____: Thyroid Disorders in the U.S.A. |
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Definition
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Term
| For thyroid hormone synthesis, what is required? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Iodine attach to in order to form hormone precursors? |
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Definition
Thyroglobulin
"Pro-hormone" |
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Term
| Upon stimulation by _____, precursors convert to active hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 hormones that are active after stimulation by TSH? |
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Definition
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin |
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Term
| Most of T3T4 is secreted into the bloodstream and picked up/bound to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Carrier Proteins that pick up/are bound to T3T4? |
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Definition
Thryoxine-Binding Globulin (TBG)
Prealbumin
Albumin |
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Term
| Only ____ T3T4 is readily available to diffuse into target cells |
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Definition
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Term
| What does T4 convert to when free T3T4 diffuses into target cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| T3 binds with a specific gene to produce what? |
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Definition
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Term
| mRNA causes what to be produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do proteins influence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the Thyroid Hormone? |
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Definition
*Neurologic development of the brain
*Regulate metabolic rate & calorie consumption
*Generate heat via lipid and CHO metabolism
*Controls growth & maturation of bone, skeleton, tissues, skin, and nerves
*Regulate GI function and sexual maturation |
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Term
| The Anterior Pituitary secretes TSH in response to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Anterior Pituitary secretes what in response to Decreased T3T4? |
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Definition
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Term
| What secretes TSH in response to Decreased T3T4? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tells the pituitary to release TSH? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Hypothalamus tells the pituitary to release TSH, especially under what situations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the best test for assessing thyroid function and hormone replacement therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is TSH part of the Newborn Screening Process? |
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Definition
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Term
| Free T4 represents only ______ of total T4 in circulation |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Free T4 can freely enter cells and convert to T3 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Calculation to correct for the effects of protein alterations or interfering drugs |
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Term
| What is the formula for the Free T4 Index? |
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Definition
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Term
| Total T3 & Total T4 Measures what? |
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Definition
| Both free and protein bound (99%) |
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Term
True or False:
Total T3 & Total T4 levels vary with pregnancy, acute illness, some drugs, and liver disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do Total T3 & Total T4 levels vary with pregnancy, acute illness, some drugs, and liver disease? |
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Definition
| They affect the Circulating Level of Carrier Proteins |
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Term
| What is used to measure the number of available binding sites on a patient's TBG? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Normal Rate for T-Uptake? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Thyroglobulin "pro-hormone" is normally not detectable in plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used as a thyroid tumor marker? |
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Definition
| Thyroglobulin "pro-hormone" |
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Term
True or False:
Following surgery or treatment, levels of Thyroglobulin "pro-hormone" should be undetectable |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Autoimmune Testing for the Thyroid? |
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Definition
Thyroglobulin ABY
Thyroid-Stimulating ABY
Thyroid Peroxidase ABY |
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Term
Which of the following consistent with:
Thyroid-Stimulating ABY |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following consistent with: Thyroid Peroxidase ABY |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes Hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
| Insufficient T3T4 to meet the body's metabolic needs |
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Term
| What does Hypothyroidism cause? |
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Definition
| Slowly of all bodily processes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Myxedema - symptoms of hypothyroidism + swelling of skin caused by what? |
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Definition
| infiltration of mucopolysaccharides and water |
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Term
| Myxedema is especially noticeable on what part of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 causes of Primary Hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
Hashimoto's Disease
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Acquired Hypothyroidism |
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Term
| What are the causes of Acquired Hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
Surgical removal or treatment for HYPERthyroidism
Cancer
Iodine Deficiency |
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Term
In Acquired Hypothyroidism, will the following be increased or decreased:
FT4:
TSH: |
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Definition
FT4: Decreased
TSH: Increased |
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Term
In Congenital Hypothyroidism, will the following be increased or decreased:
FT4:
TSH: |
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Definition
FT4: Decreased
TSH: Increased |
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Term
In Hashimoto's Disease, will the following be increased or decreased:
FT4:
TSH: |
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Definition
FT4: Decreased
TSH: Increased |
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Term
| What is the cause of Congenital Hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
| Inborn defect in the development or function of the gland |
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Term
| What is an effect of Congenital Hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Retarded skeletal, sexual, and mental development |
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Term
| What is the most common thyroid disorder in the U.S.A. affecting >1 million? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Hashimoto's Disease - 90% have autoantibodies (TPO ABY) |
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Definition
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Term
| In Hashimoto's Disease, what are the Thyroid tissues infiltrated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the causes of Secondary Hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
| Pituitary or Hypothalamic Disorders |
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Term
In Secondary Hypothyroidism, will the following be increased or decreased:
FT4:
TSH: |
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Definition
FT4: Decreased
TSH: Decreased |
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Term
In Grave's Disease, will the following be increased or decreased:
FT4:
TSH: |
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Definition
FT4: Increased
TSH: Decreased |
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Term
In Secondary Hyperthyroidism, will the following be increased or decreased:
FT4:
TSH: |
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Definition
FT4: Increased
TSH: Increased |
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Term
| What is the cause of Secondary Hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
| TSH-secreting Pituitary Adenoma |
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Term
| What are some other thyroid conditions? |
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Definition
Thyroid cancer
Toxic Goiter / Nodules
Subclinical Thyroid Disease
Drug-Induced Thyroid Diseases |
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Term
| What is another name for Hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| With Hyperthyroidism, what is in high levels in circulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 conditions that are associated with a Thyrotoxicosis crisis? |
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Definition
Hypermetabolic state
Tachycardia |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of Thyrotoxicosis affecting >3 million? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Grave's disease what do the autoantibodies stimulate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Skin texture changes
"orange peel" |
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Term
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Definition
Bulging Eyes
Double Vision
Corneal Disease |
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Term
| What can you use to treat Grave's Disease? |
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Definition
Radioactive Iodine
Surgery
Medicine |
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Term
Which thyroid hormone is:
In greatest concentration in plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
Which thyroid hormone is:
The most biologically potent? |
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Definition
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Term
Which thyroid hormone is:
Involved in calcium regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the primary carrier proteins for thyroid hormones. |
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Definition
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Term
| If T3T4 levels become low in plasma, what hormone is secreted that stimulates T3T4 production? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gland secretes this hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gland stimulates T3T4 production under situations of stress or cold? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two primary tests that are used to assess thyroid status. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the THBR (T-Uptake) test? |
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Definition
| To measure available binding sites on TBG |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the Free T4 Index? |
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Definition
| To correct the FT4 value when protein levels are altered due to renal dz, liver dz, etc. |
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Term
Match the disorder with the proper description:
Grave's disease |
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Definition
| The most common cause of hyperthyroidism |
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Term
Match the disorder with the proper description:
Congenital hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| Arrested skeletal and mental development in babies |
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Term
Match the disorder with the proper description:
Secondary hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| Often caused by a TSH-secreting tumor |
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Term
Match the disorder with the proper description:
Thyrotoxicosis |
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Definition
| Term describing the overall effects of hyperthyroidism |
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Term
Match the disorder with the proper description:
Myxedema |
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Definition
| Hypothyroid symptoms including swelling of the skin |
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Term
Match the disorder with the proper description:
Hashimoto's disease |
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Definition
| The most common thyroid condition in the U.S |
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Term
What disease/disorder is the following consistent with:
FT4:Increased
TSH:Decresed |
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Definition
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Term
What disease/disorder is the following consistent with:
FT4:Decreased
TSH:Increased |
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Definition
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Term
What disease/disorder is the following consistent with:
FT4:Decreased
TSH:Decreased |
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Definition
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Term
What disease/disorder is the following consistent with:
FT4:Increased
TSH:Increased |
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Definition
| Secondary Hyperthyroidism |
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