Term
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Definition
| lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose; also called pharyngeal tonsil |
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Term
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Definition
| thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that exchange gases |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that dissolves, or prevents the formation of, thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels (e.g., heparin) |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effects of histamine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases (pH, PaO2, PaCO2) |
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Term
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Definition
| panting; obsturctive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane; characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough |
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Term
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Definition
| collapse of lung tissue (alveoli) (atele=imperfect; -ectasis=expansion or dilation) |
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Term
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Definition
| to listen; a physical examination method of listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope, such as auscultation of the chest for heart and lung sounds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus |
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Term
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Definition
| progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
| use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways |
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Term
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Definition
| constriction of bronchi caused by spasm (involuntary contraction) of the peribronchial smooth muscle |
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Term
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) |
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Definition
| method of artificial respiration and chest compressions to move oxygenated blood to vital body organs when breathing and the heart have stopped |
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Term
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Definition
x-ray imaging of the chest to visualize the lungs; directional terms identify the path of the x-ray beam to produce the radiograph:
PA (posterior-anterior)=back to front
AP (anterior-posterior)=front to back
lateral=toward the side (left lateral) |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
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Definition
| pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and, sometimes, in rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea |
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Term
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) |
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Definition
| permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
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Term
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Definition
| hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, to move mucous cell secretions upward |
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Term
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Definition
| CT of the thorax is used to detect lesions in the lung; CT of the head is used to visualize the structures of the nose and sinuses |
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Term
continuous positive airway pressure therapy
(CPAP) |
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Definition
| use of a device with a mask that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages; commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea |
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Term
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Definition
| popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli; occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis |
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Term
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
croup |
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Definition
| inflammation of the upper airways with swelling; creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough |
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Term
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Definition
| bluish coloration of the skin caused by a deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous (sticky) mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, inflammation, and damage of lung tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and that moves upward and downward to aid in respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| hoarseness (phon/o=voice or sound) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by over-expansion of the aleoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange (emphysan=to inflate) |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| examination inside a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic or treatment purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs (e.g., oxygen, anesthetics, or air) |
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Term
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Definition
| a lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway |
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Term
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Definition
| nosebleed (epi=upon; stazo=to drip) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| techniques used during physical examination to objectively evaluate the respiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing |
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Term
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Definition
| coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| opening between the vocal cords in the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs (ptysis=to spit) |
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Term
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Definition
| blood in the pleural cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| a compound in the body that is released by injured cells during allergic reactions, inflammation, and so on, causing constriction of bronchial smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood (capno=smoke; carbo=coal) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excessive movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypocapnia |
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Term
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Definition
| deficient level of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypercapnia |
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Term
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Definition
| deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells |
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Term
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Definition
| deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and hold an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction |
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Term
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Definition
| voice box; passageway for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea; contains the vocal cords |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a lobe of a lung |
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Term
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Definition
| subdivisions of the lung, with two on the left and three on the right |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathologic examination |
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Term
lung scan
ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q) |
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Definition
| a two-part nuclear (radionuclide) scan of the lungs to detect abnormalities of ventilation (respiration) or perfusion (blood flow) made 1) after radioactive material is injected in the patient's blood, and 2) as the patient breathes radioactive material into the airways; comparison of the two scans indicates whether an abnormality exists in the airways or the pulmonary circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| two spongy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage; responsible for respiration |
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Term
magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) |
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Definition
| nonionizing image of the lung to visualize lung lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical breathing using a ventilator |
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Term
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Definition
| partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (containing the right and left lungs) and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland |
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Term
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Definition
| thin sheets of tissue that line respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid (sticky) fluid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages |
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Term
| obstructive lung disorder |
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Definition
| condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to breathe only in an upright position |
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Term
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Definition
| roof of the mouth; partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate |
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Term
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Definition
| functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| a physical examination method of tapping the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity, such as the chest |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and for air to the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) |
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Term
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Definition
| potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pleura |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts, such as coal, asbestos (asbestosis), or silicone (silicosis) (conio=dust) |
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Term
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Definition
| pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism, a common opportunistic infection in those who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
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Term
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Definition
| air and blood in the pleural cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of an entire lung |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation in the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the lung, often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts |
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Term
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Definition
| air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| recording of various aspects of sleep (i.e., eye and muscle movements, respiration, and brain-wave patterns) for diagnosis of sleep disorders (somn/o=sleep) |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray imaging of the blood vessels of the lungs after the injection of contrast material |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli and, eventually, flooding into the alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
| occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot |
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Term
pulmonary function testing
(PFT) |
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Definition
| direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes and capacities |
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Term
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Definition
| density on an x-ray image representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs, usually resulting from an inflammatory process |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest |
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Term
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Definition
| noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation, commonly the finger; used to monitor hypoxemia |
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Term
| restrictive lung disorder |
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Definition
| condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| thin, watery discharge from the nose (runny nose) |
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Term
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Definition
| high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway; occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
| periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often resulting in snoring |
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Term
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Definition
| direct measurement of lung volume and capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| material expelled from the lungs by coughing |
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Term
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Definition
| high-pitched, crowing sound that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway (trachea or larynx) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| puncture for aspiration of the chest (pleural cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
| repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the palatine tonsils |
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Term
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
(T&A) |
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Definition
| excision of the tonsils and adenoids |
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Term
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Definition
| oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion; also called palatine tonsils |
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Term
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Definition
| acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils |
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Term
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Definition
| windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina, where it splits into the right and left bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the trachea |
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Term
upper respiratory infection
(URI) |
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Definition
| infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration |
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Term
peak flow (PF)
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) |
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Definition
| measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bronchiole (little airway) |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous positive airway pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| human immunodeficiency virus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| magnetic resonance imaging |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| partial pressure of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| peak expiratory flow rate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pulmonary function testing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| upper respiratory infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ventilation-perfusion (scan) |
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