Term
| When do horses get EIPH? What is EIPH? |
|
Definition
-after strenuous work
-Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| What is the physiology behind EIPH? |
|
Definition
-capillary stress failure (capillary P + negative airway P) in the caudodorsal lung
-locomotion theory: wt of colon adds to P |
|
|
Term
| What are the different grades of EIPH? |
|
Definition
-1: blood flecks in trachea
-2: flecks & discontinuous stream
-3: continuous stream < half trachea width
-4: continuous stream > half trachea width
-5: airways covered w/ blood |
|
|
Term
| How does Furosemide affect EIPH? |
|
Definition
| -typically educes it by 1 grade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-endoscopy w/in an hr of exercise
-BAL w/in an hr post-exercise
-TTW/BA: w/in 21d for hemosiderophages |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on rads w/ EIPH? |
|
Definition
| -caudodorsal interstitial pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-furosemide: dec pulmonary P
-Flair nasal strips
-URT resistance: LLH, DDSP, pharyngitis, pharyngeal collapse |
|
|
Term
| Which horses get RAO? Etiology? |
|
Definition
-adults: worsens w/ age
-inhaled allergens |
|
|
Term
| What effects does RAO have on the body? |
|
Definition
-bronchoconstriction
-inflammatory cells: neutrophils
-mucus pdc inc + plugging
-airway SM becomes hypertrophied
-hypoxemia can result in severe cases |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical RAO history? |
|
Definition
-cough at onset of exercise
-chronic cough
-intermittent low grade mucoid secretions
-exercise intolerance
-dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of RAO? |
|
Definition
-severe dyspnea
-wt loss
-nostril flare
-audible wheezing
-heave line
-hypoxemic |
|
|
Term
| What do we hear on auscultation of RAO? |
|
Definition
-inc expiratory effort
-expiratory wheezes
-cough induced on rebreathing bag exam
-poor recovery after exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-hx + CS + auscultation
-TTW/BAL > 20% neutrophils
-endoscopy: mucus
-R/O concurrent infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aggressive tx in crisis
-pre-exercise inhalers
-change environment!! |
|
|
Term
| For crisis treatment, what drugs do we give RAO cases? |
|
Definition
-Bronchodilator: Clenbuterol
-Corticosteroids: Dex, Pred
-Inhalants: Albutrol, fluticasone, beclomethasone |
|
|
Term
| What is our major concern w/ long-term tx of RAO w/ Clenbuterol? |
|
Definition
-down regulation of bea rc
-affects cardiac function & aerobic performance |
|
|
Term
| What are our RAO management methods? |
|
Definition
-change environment
-minimize dust
-HIGH QUALITY WET HAY
-can also feed on ground or use pelleted rations
-NO ROUND BALES |
|
|
Term
| Who gets Inflammatory Airway Dz? |
|
Definition
| -young racehorses & other young performance horses |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Inflammatory Airway Dz? |
|
Definition
-chronic coughing
-nasal discharge
-mucopurulent exudate in pharynx, trachea, and bronchi
-chest ausculation usually normal
-exercise intolerance |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on BAL w/ Inflammatory Airway Dz? |
|
Definition
| -inc total cell count w/ mixed inflammation |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat Inflammatoyr Airway Dz? |
|
Definition
interferon-alpha
-corticosteroids: Dex, Pred
-inhalants not available anymore |
|
|
Term
| How do we handle eosinophilic inflammation in resp system of the horse? Any etiologic ideas? |
|
Definition
-corticosteroids
-consider Dictyocaulus arnfeldi (lungworm from donkeys) |
|
|
Term
| How do we handle mast cell inflammation in resp system of the horse? |
|
Definition
| -nebulization of sodium cromoglycate daily |
|
|
