Term
| What are some infectious causes of diarrhea in adult cattle? |
|
Definition
-Salmonella
-Winter Dysentery
-BVD
-MCF
-Enterotoxemia: really just caprine |
|
|
Term
| What are some non-infectious causes of diarrhea in adult cattle? |
|
Definition
-indigestion
-grain overload
-toxins: ionophore, arsenic
-sepsis: metritis, mastitis
-liver/kidney failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram neg
-facultative intracellular |
|
|
Term
| Which serovars of Salmonella occur in which animals? |
|
Definition
-S. dublin: cattle
-S. cholerasuis: swine
-S. abortusovis: sheep |
|
|
Term
| How do we respond to S. dublin infections? |
|
Definition
| -cull them, they are life-long carriers |
|
|
Term
| What leads to clinical Salmonella dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Salmonella transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -ingestion: feces, milk, contaminated feedstuffs |
|
|
Term
| What are the major sources of Salmonella in the farm? |
|
Definition
-feed
-water
-runoff
-manure spreading
-fomites |
|
|
Term
| What kind of diarrhea occurs due to Salmonella? Why? |
|
Definition
-hypersecretory
-occurs due to inflammation in gut wall, loss of epi, enterotoxin, endotoxemia causes ileus |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical findings of Salmonellosis in adult cattle? |
|
Definition
-enteritis/diarrhea +/- blood, fibrin, casts
-abortion
-septicemia
-side note: fibrinous cholecystitis in calves
-toxic: pyrexia, depression, sclera
-abdominal distention/ileus
-abortion |
|
|
Term
| Which animals get acute septicemia due to Salmonellosis? CS? |
|
Definition
-calves < 3m
-CS: acute death, fever, depression, dyspnea, diarrhea, internal organ involvement (penumonia/nephritis/arthritis/physitis) |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Salmonellosis? |
|
Definition
-CS
-clinpath: neutropenia, inc fibrin, low protein
-fecal/tissue culture
-ELISA/PCR: herd screening |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology behind Winter Dysentery? |
|
Definition
| -bovine enteric coronavirus |
|
|
Term
| Who gets Winter Dysentery? Seasonality? Epidemiology? |
|
Definition
-outbreaks are explosive
-high morbidity/low mortality
-more frequent in winter
-young postpartum cows frist |
|
|
Term
| How is Winter Dysentery transmitted? |
|
Definition
-virus in GI & resp tract
-organism passed in feces: inc shedding in winter |
|
|
Term
| What clinical findings do we see with Winter Dysentery? |
|
Definition
-young adults: 2-4y
-diarrhea +/- blood
-depression & anorexia
-dec pdn
-fever precedes diarrhea/clinical dz |
|
|
Term
| How can we differentiate BVDV & Winter Dysentery on necropsy? |
|
Definition
| -BVDV destroys peyer's patches & winter dysentery dont |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat Winter Dysentery? |
|
Definition
| -entirely supportive: oral/IV fluids, rarely blood transfusion |
|
|
Term
| How do we control Winter Dysentery? |
|
Definition
-segregation/isolation
-sanitation: manure handling
-maintain closed herd
-iffy vaccine |
|
|
Term
| What are some agents causing chronic diarrhea in adult cows? |
|
Definition
-paratuberculosis
-ostertagiasis type II
-salmonellosis |
|
|
Term
| What are some agents that cause non-infectious diarrhea in adult cows? |
|
Definition
-copper deficiency
-LSA
-peritonitis
-heart failure
-amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology behind Johne's Dz? Describe it. Why is it challenging to isolate? |
|
Definition
-Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
-intracellular, acid fast rods
-grow suuuper slowly |
|
|
Term
| Describe the epidemiology of Johne's Dz. |
|
Definition
-way more infected than are clinical
-difficult to detect all infected
-huge number of MCO shed by clinical cases
-can survive up to 1 year in environment |
|
|
Term
| How is Johne's dz transmitted? |
|
Definition
-feco-oral mainly
-in utero
-colostrum/milk
-semen |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophysiology of Johne's dz. |
|
Definition
-entry via Peyer's patches
-leukocyte chemotaxis
-into mesenteric LN
-causes granulomatous inflammation leading to PLE
-long incubation 2+ years |
|
|
Term
| Describe the clinical dz due to JOhne's Dz in cattle. |
|
Definition
-chornic diarrhea
-wt loss
-good eppetite
-submandibular edema
-adults: peak 2-5y |
|
|
Term
| HOw does clinical dz due to JOhne's dz differ in small rums than in cattle? |
|
Definition
-NO DIARRHEA UNTIL LATE IN DISEASE!!!
-still have wt loss, low protein, good appetite |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on necropsy of Johne's dz? |
|
Definition
-thickened intestinal wall
-corrugated mucosa
-lymphangectasia
-swollen mesenteric LN
-edema & effusion
-PM not correlate w/ signs |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose JOhne's dz? |
|
Definition
-rectal mucosal scraping
-AGID/ELISA
-intestinal biopsy
-confirm w/ culture/PCR if first case on a farm |
|
|
Term
| What is the gold standard for diagnosing infection w/ Johne's Dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat Johne's dz? |
|
Definition
| -not recommended in pdn animal |
|
|
Term
| How do we control Johne's dz? Prevent new infections. How do we do that? |
|
Definition
-early separation of calves from dams
-careful manure management
-pasteurize colostrum & milk
-ID & cull infected
-vaccinate to dec CS
-keep a closed herd
-State Voluntary Hone's Dz control programs |
|
|
