Term
| What kind of virus is Equine Infectious Anemai? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the US does EIA occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells does EIA reside in? |
|
Definition
| -tissue macrophages and endothelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Is infection due to EIA life long or short lived? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-blood meal
-contaminated surgical instruments
-dental floats
-tattoo equipment
-needles
-syringes |
|
|
Term
| What is the time frame of EIA infection that designates it "actue"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of acute EIA? |
|
Definition
| -fever, lethargy, anorexia, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, petechial hemorrhages, +/- anemia, SUBCLINICAL, seroconversion > 40d |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of chronic EIA? |
|
Definition
| -recurrent fever, weight lossm ventral edema, anemia, viral Ag |
|
|
Term
| What causes the thrombocytopenia seen with each febrile episode of chronic EIA? |
|
Definition
| -decreased production and immune but rapid rebound after febrile period |
|
|
Term
| Are the majority or minority of EIA positive horses subclinical carriers or clinical cases? |
|
Definition
| -most are subclinical carriers with persistent lifelong infection |
|
|
Term
| Are subclinical carriers of EIA contagious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 main categories of weight loss? What are some differentials for each? |
|
Definition
1) Dec intake: competition, agroceryosis, dental dz, lameness, dysphagia, choke, anorexia
2) Maldigestion/ malabsorption: parasitism, diarrhea, PLE, GI neoplasia
3) inc rate of loss: chronic infection, chronic pain, neoplasia, GI or renal protein loss
4) Chronic organ failure: CHF, CRF, RAO |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 primary categories of anemia? What are some differentials for each? |
|
Definition
1) inc destruction: hemolysis (infectious, immune, toxic, hepatic, DIC)
2) dec pdn: anemia of chronic inflammation (infection, neoplasia) or bone marrow dysfunction
3) loss: hemorrhage, parasitism |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 main causes of thrombocytopenia? What are some differentials for each? |
|
Definition
1) dec pdn: bone marrow dz, drugs
2) inc destruction: infection, immne, drugs, snae bite
3) inc use (consumption): DIC, hemorrhage, thrombosis
4) Lab error: pseudothrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| What are Starling's forces that could cause ventral edema? |
|
Definition
-inc hydrostatic
-dec oncotic
-vasculitis
-dec lymphatic flow |
|
|
Term
| What could cause inc hydrostatic pressure leading to edema? |
|
Definition
-CHF
-jugular vein thrombosis: DIC
-gravity (congestion): head, limbs
-overhydration (foals): renal failure |
|
|
Term
| What are some potential causes of decreased oncotic pressure due to protein los that could lead to edema? |
|
Definition
-GI: parasitism, PLE< Lawsonia intracellularis, colitis
-Renal
-Sequestration: pleuritis, peritonitis
-Skin: burns, large wounds |
|
|
Term
| How could vasculitis lead to edema? |
|
Definition
-inc permeability: burns, large wounds, infectious/inflammatory/immune vasculitis
-dec lymph flow: obstruction
-infectious: EIA, EE, EHV, EIV
-Immune: purpura hemorrhagica (Strep equi, Corynebacterium) |
|
|
Term
| How do we primarily test for EIA? What are we looking for and when do we see it? |
|
Definition
-AGID or C-ELISA
-looking for Ab
-will see it >45 days post infection |
|
|
Term
| Do foals have passive immunity for EIA? If so, for how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -no treatment, no vaccine, just quarantine for euthanasia, slaughter, or brand and isolate |
|
|
Term
| What is necessary to be able to perform a Coggins for EIA? |
|
Definition
-federal accreditation
-licensed vet
-call state vet for state regs specifically |
|
|
Term
| In Oklahoma, how often do horses need a Coggins? Any exceptions? |
|
Definition
-12m for exhibition and sale/trade
-unless travel to slaughter or to vet |
|
|
Term
| What do we do with an EIA positive horse in OK?/ |
|
Definition
-farm quarantine
-brand 73A left neck/shoulder within 30 days
-test exposed, contact, or adjacent horses 60-120 days |
|
|
