Term
| Which organisms cause toxic shock syndrome? |
|
Definition
-Staphylococcus aureus
-Streptococcus pyogenes
-Streptococcus canis |
|
|
Term
| Staph organism that causes bovine gangrenous mastitis, equine/porcine suppurative infections, and avian bumblefoot |
|
Definition
-Staphylococcus aureus
-beta-hemolytic
-forms biofilms |
|
|
Term
| Staph organism that causes canine pyoderma and otitis & feline otitis/UTIs/suppurative infections. |
|
Definition
| -Staphylococcus pseudintermedius |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common coagulase negative, gram positive feline isolate? |
|
Definition
-Staphylococcus felis
-causes pyoderma and suppurative infections |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Exudative Epidermitis of swine? aka what? |
|
Definition
-Staphylococcus hyicus
-Greasy pig dz |
|
|
Term
| What are the two species of staph that are commonly found in dogs? |
|
Definition
-Staph pseudintermedius
-Staph schleiferi ssp coagulans |
|
|
Term
| Which staph spp is known for being a MRSA? What does that mean? How is it tested? |
|
Definition
-Staph aureus
-methicillin-resistant staph aureus
-test via oxacillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -apparent irritation/itching of skin causing reddening, ozoing of serum, crusting, pustules, papules at varying degrees |
|
|
Term
| What is the agent of pyoderma in dogs? Cats? |
|
Definition
-Dogs: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
-Cats: Staphylococcus felis |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of pyoderma? What layers do each of them involve? |
|
Definition
-surface: stratum corneum (aka hot spots)
-superficial: epidermis and hair follicles (puppy pyoderma, impetigo)
-deep pyoderma: epidermis, dermis, and subcutis (german shepherd deep pyoderma) |
|
|
Term
| Which form of pyoderma is most common? |
|
Definition
| -Superficial (puppy pyoderma) |
|
|
Term
| What are Langerhans cells and where are they found? |
|
Definition
-they are antigen-presenting dendritic cells important in local cell-mediated immunity and Type IV hypersensitivity reactions of the skin
-found in te epidermis |
|
|
Term
| Does the normal skin flora consist of mostly gram positives or negatives? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the contents of a dog's normal ears. Cats? |
|
Definition
-Dogs: Staph pseudintermedius, Staph schleiferi
-Cats: Staph felis, Staph pseudintermedius
-Both: Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Strep, Malassezia pachydermatis |
|
|
Term
| Describe the contents of an otitic dog ear. Cats? |
|
Definition
-Dogs: normal + Psudomonas aeruginosa (g-neg), E. coli (g-neg), Proteus, Malassezia pachydermatis overggrowth
-Cats: all of that plus Pasteurella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the external ear canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the tympanic bulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To have performed a correct otoscopic examination, what must you have visualized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism's orvergrowth is primarily responsible for otitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you need to diagnose Mallassezia dermatiits? |
|
Definition
| -clinical signs and overgrowth for proper diagnosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis? What other diseases does it cause? |
|
Definition
-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
-Horses: pigeon fever/ ulcerative lymphangitis, dryland distemper, dryland strangles
-Small rums: caseous lyphadenitis |
|
|
Term
| In what cells will you fing Corynebacterium pseudtuberculosis? What is its primary virulence factor? |
|
Definition
-macrophages
-phospholipase D |
|
|
Term
| Is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis gram positive or negative? |
|
Definition
| -gram positive pleomorphic rod |
|
|
Term
| What are the two biotypes of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis? |
|
Definition
-Biotype I: biovar ovis
-Biotype II: biovar equi (causes Pigeoun fever) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common method of transmision between small rums of caseous lymphadenitis? |
|
Definition
-Corynebacterium pseudotuberclosis
-shearing |
|
|
Term
| What test do you use for Carynebacterium pseudotuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| - Synergisting Hemolysin Inhibition Test (SHIT) |
|
|
Term
| What is the agent of bovine umpy jaw? |
|
Definition
-aka bovine actinomycosis
-Actinomyces bovis |
|
|
Term
| How is Actinomyces bovis transmitted? Primary causative agent? |
|
Definition
-it isn't, it is a commensal
-caused by trauma due to low-quality feed |
|
|
Term
| What are the major differences b/n Actinomyces bovis and Actinobacillus lignieresii |
|
Definition
-A. bovis: gram-positive rod, BONE infections, Tx is inefficient
-A. lignieresii: gram-negative rod, SOFT TISSUE infection, Tx is effective and rapid |
|
|
Term
| What are the two primary etiologic agents of canine actinomycosis? (P.S. always culutre) |
|
Definition
-Actinomyces viscosus
-Actinomyces hordeovulnaris |
|
|
Term
| What is the major medical concern regarding cainine actinomycosis? What is the primary causative factor? |
|
Definition
-pyogranulomatous inflammation leads to pyothorax
-trauma due to grass awns |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent of Nocardiosis? Which spp are affected? |
|
Definition
-Nocardia asteroides
-dogs, cattle, whales, and dolphins |
|
|
Term
| What is the reservoir of Nocardia asteroides? How is it transmitted? |
|
Definition
-soil aprophyte, water
-opportunist, enters via trauma, ingestion, or rarely via inhalation
=> bovine mastitis is often transmitted iatrogenically |
|
|
Term
| What disease processes does Nocardia asteroides cause in the affected spp? |
|
Definition
-Dog: pleuritis +/- pulmonary dz, disseminated infections (dogs <1y)
-Cattle: mastitis (chronic and non-responsive) and Farcy (chronic suppurative infecton of the distal limbs in the tropics) |
|
|
Term
| In what spp is Nocardiosis most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you distinguish Nocardia spp from Actinomyces spp microscoically? |
|
Definition
| -Nocardia is partially acid-fast |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Dermatophilosis? What is its reservoir and mode of transmission? |
|
Definition
| -Dermatophilus congolensis -skin of carrier animals -FOMITES, direct contact, mech via insects |
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle of Dermatophilus congolensis |
|
Definition
| -mature motile zoospore => germ tube formation => transverse and longitudinal septae form as it invades tissue => binary fission followed by release of motile zoospores |
|
|
Term
| What triggers Dermatophilus congolensis to develop into motile zoospores rather than its resistant coccoid form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristic lesion of Dermatophilus congolensis? |
|
Definition
-paintbrush lesions (hair matted with exudate)
-wart-like lesions in cattle and sheep |
|
|
Term
| Describe the disease pattern of Dermatophilus congolensis in the spp affected. |
|
Definition
-Cattle: dermatophilosis and streptothricosis
-Equine: rain-scald, rain rot, grease heel, mud foot, streptothricosis
-Sheep: lujmpy wool, strawberry foot rot |
|
|
Term
| Out of Actinomyces, Nocardia, and Dermatophilus, which (if any) are zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the staining characteristics and morphology of Actinomyces, Nocardia, and Dermatophilus. |
|
Definition
| -gram-positive, filamentous, branching rods |
|
|
Term
Definition: Mycetoma
-What is a eumycotic mycetoma then? |
|
Definition
-chronic subcutaneous lesion with granulomatous inflammation nodules, draining sinuses, and exudate containing sulfur granules
-mycetome due to fungi |
|
|
Term
| What of the types of ruminant foot rot are zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary bacteria involved with classic foot rot? |
|
Definition
| -Fuobacterium mecrophorum (pdc leukotoixc, gram-neg obligate anaerobe) -Prevotella melaninogenica (pdcs proteases/collagenases, gram-neg obligate anaerobes) |
|
|
Term
| What is the non-contagious foot rot of cattle? |
|
Definition
| -Interdigital necrobacilllosis, interdigital pododermatitis, interdigital phlegmon, foot rot, foul in the foot |
|
|
Term
| What is the contagious foot rot in cattle? |
|
Definition
| -digital dermatitis, papillomatous digital dermatitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the contagious foot rot of sheep and goats? |
|
Definition
| -ovine contagious foot rot |
|
|
Term
| Is foot rot more common in dairy or beef cattle? Feedlot or pasutre? |
|
Definition
-dairy > beef
-feedlot > pasture |
|
|
Term
| What are the two etiologic agents of classic bovine foot rot? |
|
Definition
-Fusobacterium necrophorum
-Prevotella melaninogenica |
|
|
Term
| What is the lesion characteristic of Papillomatous digital dermatitis? Is it contagious? Etiologic agent(s)? |
|
Definition
-hair heel wart
-contagious
-Dichelobacter nodosus (contagious component) and Fusobacterium necrophorum |
|
|
Term
| What are a few of the predisposing factor for Papillomatous digital dermatitis? |
|
Definition
-warm, moist conditions
-foot trauma
-Strongyloides papillosus skin penetration
-intro of chronic carriers
-confinemene/crowding
-older sheep and merino sheep (fine-wooled) are more often affected |
|
|
Term
| What is the major clinical sign of each type of foot rot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does foot rot have a limb preference? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens with ovine contagious foot rot that never happens with classic foot rot or papillomatous digital dermatitis? |
|
Definition
| -hoof capsule can detach and lead to knee waling |
|
|
Term
| what are the common types of subcutaneous mycoses? |
|
Definition
-sporotrichosis
-Phaeohyphomycosis
-Chromoblastomycosis
-Oomycets
-Zygomycosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Sporotrichosis? Aka what? |
|
Definition
-Sporothrix schenckii
-aka "Rose-gardeners disease" |
|
|
Term
| What are the three forms of Sporotrichosis? |
|
Definition
-lymphocutaneous
-cutaneous
-disseminated |
|
|
Term
| What spp does sprorotrichosis affect? |
|
Definition
-Sprorothrix schenchkii
-dogs, cats, horses |
|
|
Term
| How does sporotrichosis present in the affeted spp? |
|
Definition
-Dogs: cutaneous lesions on head and paws
-Cats: skin lesions on head, tail, and hindlimbs, also get pulmonary and disseminated ofrms (associated with bite wounds)
-Equids: lymphocutaneous form, chronic, progressive dz |
|
|
Term
| Which forms of sporotrichosis are zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of swamp cancer in horses? |
|
Definition
| -Pythium insidiosum (pythiosis) |
|
|
Term
| Geographically, where is there a higher incidence of pythiosis? |
|
Definition
| -associated iwth water in Gulf Coast States |
|
|
Term
| Which form of pythiosis do horses get? Dogs? |
|
Definition
-Equine: chronic, granulomatous, ulcerative lesion that are very pruritic with kunkers
-Dogs: pyogranulomatous enteritis |
|
|
Term
| Why does Pythium insidiosum have a poor response to medical therapy? |
|
Definition
| -does not contain aldeosterol or chitin |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of lagenidiosis? Affected spp? Geography? |
|
Definition
-Lagenidium caninum
-dogs
-SE US |
|
|
Term
| What type of organisms cause phaeohyphomycosis? |
|
Definition
| -saprophytic, pigmented fungi that appear in tissue as dematiaceous, septate, hyphap forms |
|
|
Term
| What type of organisms cause chromoblastomycosis? |
|
Definition
| -darkly pigmented, thick-walled round cells called fission bodies / sclerotic bodies |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 genera of dermatophytes? Which one(s) is/are we concerned with? |
|
Definition
-Microscporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton
-we are concerned with Microsporum and Trichophyton |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Anthropophilic dermatophtyes- |
|
Definition
| dermatophytes with a human reservoir (animals rarely get these) |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Zoophilic dermatophytes |
|
Definition
| -dermatophytes with an animal reservoir |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Geophilic dermatophytes |
|
Definition
| -dermatophytes with a soil reservoir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-common superficial skin infection of keratinized stratum corneaum
-aka ringworm |
|
|
Term
| What in the infectious particle of dermatophytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent and reservoir of the contagious dog ringworm? What does it look like? |
|
Definition
-Microsporum canis (dogs and cats)
-R = cats
-more than 6 compartments and a terminal hook |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of microsporum horse ringworm? Reservoir? |
|
Definition
-Microsporum equinum
-R = horses |
|
|
Term
| What is the geophile ringworm of dogs? Spp affected? What does it look like? |
|
Definition
-Microsporum gypseum
-affects dogs, cats, horses
-looks like a canoe with 6 or less compartments wihtout terminal hook |
|
|
Term
| What is the geiophile/zoophile ringworm of swine? Describe the lesions and its appearance. |
|
Definition
-Microsporum nanum
-in pigs
-has very large circumscribed lesiosn wihout alopecia
-oval-shaped with 1-3 compartments |
|
|
Term
| If you see a pig with ringworm-like lesions with alopecia, what is the etiologic agent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ringworm of poultry? Aka what? REservoir? |
|
Definition
-Microscporu, gallinae
-aka "Fowl Favus"
-R = poultry |
|
|
Term
| What is the trichophyton of hroses? Reservoir? |
|
Definition
-Trichophyton equinum
-horses |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common dermatophyte in livestock? Reservoir? aka what? |
|
Definition
-Trichophyton verrucosum
-R= cattle
-aka "Club Fungus" due to transmission by shared grooming tools in children's livestock clubs |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common dermatophyte in lab animals? Reservoir? |
|
Definition
-Trichophytan mentagrophytes
-rodents |
|
|
Term
| You only need ___ conidia to initiate dermatophyte infection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -arthroconidia on the outer hair shaft |
|
|
Term
| Where should you obtain your dermatophyte samples in relation to the lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary virulence factor(s) of dermatophytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which dermatophyte is commonly subclinical in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ringworm spp causes a severe rxn in dogs? Horses? |
|
Definition
-Dogs: Trichophyton mentagrophytes
-Horses: Microsporum gypseum |
|
|
Term
| Wood's lamps only show what common dermatophye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What solution do you use for a direct microscopic examination of dermatophytosis samples? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is in Dermatophyte tEst Medium? |
|
Definition
-Sabouraud's dextrose agar with peptones, antibiotics, cycohexamide (antifungal), and phenol red pH indicator
-growth and turns red before 10d = dermatophyte |
|
|
Term
| Which, if any, dermatophyte spp are zoonotic? |
|
Definition
-ALL OF THEM
-Microsporum canis infections are increasing and human infections with Trichophytan verrucosum from show animals are common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -edema of the conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Dacryocystitis |
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Chorloretinitis |
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the choroid and etina |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of infectious feline conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
-Feline Herpesvirus 1
-conjunctivitis only: Chlamydophila felis
-Mycoplasma felis with FHV-1 |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the common bacteria involved in bacterial cystitis? |
|
Definition
| -E. coli, Gram positives (Staph, Strep, Enterococcus), Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Stah felis |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Contagious Bovine Pyelonephritis? (cystitis/pyelonephritis of cows) |
|
Definition
| -Corynebacterium renale group (C. renale + C. pilosum + C. cystitidis) |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Contagious systitis and/or pyelonephritis of sows? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the maintenance host of the following:
a) Leptospira Canicola
b) L. Icterohemorrhagiae
c) L. Pomona
d) L. Grippotyphosa
e) L. Hardjo
f) L. Gratislava |
|
Definition
a) dogs and wild canids
b) rats
c) pigs and cattle
d) skunk, opossum, raccoon, vole, other rodents
e) cattle
f) pigs, equids |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of bovine leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
-most common: Leptospira Pomona (late-term abortion)
-Maintenance host: L. Hardjo (fetal loss and agalactia) |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of procine leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
-Most common: Leptospira Pomona
-MH: L. Bratislava |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of ovine/caprine leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of equine leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
-Most common: Leptospira Pomona
-MH: L. BRatislava |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of canine leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
| -LEptospira interrogans Grippotyphosa, L. Pomona, L. Icterohemorrhagiae, L. Canicola (MH) |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Brucellosis in cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Brucellosis in swine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Brucellosis in sheep and goats that commonly causes abortion? Rarely? |
|
Definition
-commonly: Brucella melitensis
-Rarely: Brucella ovis |
|
|
Term
| What is the etioologic agent of Brucellosis in dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Brucella spp are smooth? Rough? |
|
Definition
-Smooth: B. abortus, B. suis, B. melitensis
-Rough: B. canis, B. ovis |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Psittacosis in birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of feline ocnjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Enzootic Abortion of Ewes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Chlamydophila spp is found in koalas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis? |
|
Definition
| -Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis |
|
|
Term
| What is the e4tiologic agent of Epizootic ovine aboriton? |
|
Definition
| -Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus |
|
|
Term
| Which campylobacter spp is most commonly zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Q fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)? |
|
Definition
| -Taylorella equigenitalis |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Bovine Mycotic Abortion? |
|
Definition
-Most common: Aspergillus
-Others: Mucor, Absidia, Morteirella |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of equine mycotic abortion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the many agents of Equine Endometritis? Most common? |
|
Definition
-Most common: Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus
-E. cli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Staph aureus, A. equuli, E. agglomerans, Proteus spp, Yeasts (C. albicans etc) |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of pyometra/metritis in bitches? |
|
Definition
| -E. coli, Strep canis, Staph pseudintermedius |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologic agent of orchitis/epididymitis in dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
