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| transmission of DNA between different genomes. |
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| the coded, inheritable information of an organism |
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| an organism's observable characteristics or traits |
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| one or two more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation |
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| a unit of heredity that is transferred from parent to offspring and determines some characteristics of the offspring |
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| the process that organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. Believed to be one of the main causes of evolution |
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| selective breeding as where humans choose certain animals or plants to breed together for particular traits. |
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| a type of natural selection arising through preferance by one sex for certain characteristics of the other sex. |
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| a type of natural selection where the extreme phenotype is favored over others, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype. |
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| changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored, over intermediate values. |
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| a type of natural selection where genetic diversity decreases and the population mean stabilizes on a particular trait value |
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| a form of inheritance where a particular trait is produced by the interaction of many genes |
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Definition
| this happens when genes are seen to have one allele that is either recessive or dominant. |
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| when a single gene has more than one dominant allele. An heterozygous individual with two codominant alleles will express the phenotypes associated with both alleles. |
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Definition
| one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant other the other allele. This results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the dominant and recessive phenotypes. |
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Definition
| distinct difference in size or appearance between sexes of an animal |
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Definition
| selection of a mate depends on attractiveness of its traits. This is one component of sexual selection. |
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Definition
| the mating of organisms with a desirable trait in an attempt to produce an offspring with similar desirable characteristics or with improved traits |
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| characteristics which effect the outcome of competition among members of one sex for access to members of the other sex. |
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Definition
| the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. |
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| variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, with the chance for disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce |
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Definition
| a permanent, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene or a chromosome. |
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| a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors. |
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| an event that drastically reduces the size of a population |
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Definition
| the reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors |
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| a trait transferred to offspring from a parent or ancestor. |
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Definition
| an organism or gene pair that are both the same |
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Definition
| the genes within gene pair are not the same |
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Definition
| having two different alleles for a single trait |
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Definition
| having identical alleles for a single trait |
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Definition
| two individuals are mated or crossed to determine or predict the genotypes of their offspring |
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Definition
| the first generation of offspring resulting from cross mating of distinctly different parental types. |
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Definition
| the progeny resulting from self hybridization or inbreeding of f1 individuals |
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Definition
| a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus |
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Definition
| a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
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Definition
| the occurrence of a repeated section of genes in a chromosome |
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Definition
| generated when a single chromosome is replicated into two copies of itself |
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Definition
| a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
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Definition
| an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary |
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Definition
| any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells |
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Definition
| production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types |
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| reproduction without fusion of gametes |
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Definition
| reproduction from an ovum without fertilization |
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Definition
| the genetic contribution of an individual to the next generations gene pool |
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Definition
| any differences between cells, individual organisms, or groups |
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Definition
| total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic make up of a species |
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