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| What did the Sesame Street study show about observational learning? |
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Definition
| viewers from low income families, compared to rich families. Viewers of sesame street performed better in school. |
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| relatively permanant change in behavior, change due to some experience |
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| emphasizes study of observable behaviors and role of environment |
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| event or thing that produces an automatic response |
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| same outcome as uncondtioned response |
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| what neutral stimulus will become, event or thing that produces learn response |
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| How does extinction occur? |
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Definition
weakening of learned response. happens over time
Ex:teach dog to salivate at sound of bell and give food. ring bell a few times n not give food. dog will not salivate |
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Term
| What is spontaneous recovery |
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Definition
reapperance of response after extinction
*ex:teach dog to salivate at sound of bell and give food. ring bell a few times n not give food. dog will not salivate. then come back next day and dog might salivate, thts called spon recovery |
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Term
| What is stimulus generalization? |
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Definition
stimulus that resembles conditioned stimulus
*ex-pigeon trained to peck at circle also pecks at a slightly oval figure |
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Term
| What is stimulus discrimination? example? |
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Definition
responds differently to two or more similar stimuli
*ex:rat only presses certain lever for food, not just any lever |
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Term
| What did we learn about the Little Albert study? How can this be applied to learned fears? |
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Definition
11month old baby named albert, at first white rat was not scary, then whenever baby reached or touched the rat someone would bang loud symbols. Now albert is afraid of rats.
*you can be taught to fear something and also be taught not to fear something |
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Term
| What is operant conditioning? |
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Definition
the process by which a response becomes more likely to occur or less so, depending on its consequences.
bad consequence-wont happen
mild consequence-will happen more often |
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Definition
always increases liklihood of response that it follows
-dog begs for food, u give her lamb off table, begging gets worse |
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decreases liklihood of behavior occuring.
*ex:dog begs for food, u sternly say no, begging is likley to decrease |
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adds something pleasant to increased behavior.
*ex:good grade after studying |
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removes something unpleasant to increase behavior.
*ex:had headache, took medicine, headache went away. more likely to take medicine again |
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something unpleasant that is added to decrease behavior
*ex:spanking |
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pleasant removed to decrease behavior.
*ex: no texting, no t.v |
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Term
| How did the Skinner Box demonstrate operant conditioning? |
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Definition
| mouse pushes lever, water or food comes out. more likely to push lever for water or food |
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| electric shock, pain-thing u touch punishes |
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| get punished by a punisher. criticism-other ppl. getting a ticket-cop |
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physiological need, inherently reinforcing
ex:food, water |
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acquired reinforcing properties through association with other reinforcers.
ex:good grades, verbal praise, $ |
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| What is the difference between a continuous and intermittent schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
continuous reinforcement-everytime behavior is done reward is given
intermittent reinforcement-partial, response something rewarded but not always |
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Term
| What are successive approximations |
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Definition
idea that you taking baby steps when reaching behavorial goals.
*ex:telling dog to sit n then moving bak a few steps n giving treat, next time go bak a few more steps. and not jus tell dog 2 sit n run away |
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| What are the six reasons that punishment fails? |
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Definition
1.ppl give punishment inappropraitly
2.recepient of punishment responds with anxiety or fear
3.effectiveness of punishment is/can be temporary, effectiveness is dependent on whoever gives punishment.
4.most behavior is hard to punish immediatly
5.punishment conveys little information
6. action is intended to punish may be reinforcing |
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Term
| What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards? |
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Definition
extrinsic rewards-not related to behavior
ex:sticker on test
intrinsic rewards-related to behavior being reinforced
ex:being satisfied for doing good on test, internal behavior |
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Term
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Definition
idea that learning is not the same as performance
*ex:lil boy watches parent tighten screw but does not act on learning for years. then he finds he knows how to do these things, even though he has never done them before |
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| What did Bandura find when studying observational learning and aggression in children? |
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Definition
learn by observing others.
*ex-kids watched a show where u hit a dummy. so whent hey saw dummy they hit it. other kids that did not watch the show hitting the dummy just sat there n did not no wut 2 do with it |
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| How does Thorndike’s law of effect apply to advertising? |
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Definition
| purchase products=product works. More likey to buy product again and tell others |
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Term
| Why do we receive artificial reinforcers from companies on top of the natural reinforcer from purchasing their product? |
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Definition
| already like product but when they give u another reinforcer to rele rele like product |
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Term
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Definition
| token-immediate positive reinforcer. get token, want to collect them for prizes, keep buying product |
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