Term
| Where is the pancreas located |
|
Definition
| Behind the stomach, stretches obliquely across the posterior abdominal wall to the left upper quadrant |
|
|
Term
| During early childhood, palpating abdominal organs: normal or abnormal - and why? |
|
Definition
| Normal and because abdominal wall is less muscular |
|
|
Term
| What is said to cause morning sickness? |
|
Definition
| Unknown cause but may be due to hormone changes such as production of Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) |
|
|
Term
| What two ailments may come with pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Heartburn/Acid indigestion and Constipation (may lead to hemorrhoids) |
|
|
Term
| What are the bowel sounds like for a pregnant woman? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the appendix get displaced to during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| No where, any pain from appendicitis would still be in the RLQ. (trick question) |
|
|
Term
| With aging how does fat distribution change? |
|
Definition
| Less adipose at face and extremities -> redirected to abdomen/hips |
|
|
Term
| Changes in aging that occur in the gastrointestinal system: |
|
Definition
| Salivation decreases, esophageal emptying delayed, gastric acid secreation decreases, incidence of gallstones increases, liver size decreases, and constipation chance increases. |
|
|
Term
| Who has the highest chance for lactose intolerance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obesity in adults results in: |
|
Definition
| Comorbidities of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
| Obese children have an increased risk for: |
|
Definition
| asthma, diabetes, liver disease, cardiovasular disease, sleep apnea and joint problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of appetite from GI disease, side effect to some meds, pregnancy or psychological disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difficulty swallowing - occurs with disorders of the throat or esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heartburn - burning sensation in esophagus and stomach (reflux of gastric acid) |
|
|
Term
| When is nausea/vomiting common? |
|
Definition
| GI disease, certain meds, and early pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| List some abnormal stools.. |
|
Definition
Black stools tarry (occult blood - melena) from GI bleeding
Black stools non tarry - Iron meds
Gray stools - Hepatitis
Red Stools - GI bleeding or localized bleeding around the anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occus with frequent use of NSAIDS, alcohol, smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A child eatings nonfoods - should outgrow by 2 years |
|
|
Term
| _________ is common with anorexia nervosa |
|
Definition
| Amenorrhea (irregular menstruation) |
|
|
Term
| Absolute stillness while lying on the examining table occurs with: |
|
Definition
| pain of peritonitis (inflammation of peritoneal wall) |
|
|
Term
| After inspection, what is the next step in examination of the abdomen? |
|
Definition
| Ausculatation. You re-order palpation/percussion because it will force peristalsis -> fasle interpretation of bowel sounds |
|
|
Term
| What do hyperactive / hypoactive sounds - sound like? |
|
Definition
Hyperactive - Loud high pitched, rushing tinkling sounds (increases motility)
Hypoactive - (absent sounds) follow abdominal surgery or inflammation of peritineum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Appears at 2-3 weeks, maximum size at 1month. Dissapears at one year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (stomach) |
|
|
Term
| Lasegue (straight leg test: what is it and why is it used? |
|
Definition
It's used to dertermine the presence of a herniated nucleus pulposus.
Raise the straightened leg and dorsiflex the foot, if produces pain then test is positive. |
|
|
Term
Ascites:
What is it?
Inspection/auscultation/percussion/palpation cues? |
|
Definition
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Bulging flanks when supine, taut glistening skin, normal bound sounds over intestines (diminished over fluid) tympany at top dull over fluid, limit palpation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Redness, swelling, heat and extreme tenderness (usually involves the first metatarsophalangeal joint)
associated with elevated serum uric acid
usally men older than 50 years |
|
|
Term
Cholecystitis
Where would you feel this pain? |
|
Definition
Inflammation of the gallbladder
RUQ |
|
|
Term
Osteomalacia
Another name for this when occurs in children? |
|
Definition
Softening of the bones due to either a VIT D deficiency or Inability to breakdown VIT D
Rickets |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of black tarry stools? |
|
Definition
| It shows bleeding SOMEWHERE in the GI tract... |
|
|
Term
Degenerative joint disease
affected joints have what s/s |
|
Definition
Deterioration of articular cartilages + subchondral bone formation and osteophytes.
stiffness, swelling with hard bony protuberances, pain with motion and limitation of motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflmmation of synovial membrane -> thickening -> fibrosis -> limited motion -> ankylosis
Associated with fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weightloss lymphadenopathy and low grade fever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Guarding, grimacing, vocalizations (moaning), agitation, restlesness, stillness, diaphoresis or change in vitals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bracing, rubbing, diminished activity, sighing and change in appetite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bone resorption > Bone formation ->> makes for weak bones increases risk for fractures.
occurs primarily in postmenopausal women |
|
|
Term
Crepitation
What does it occur with? |
|
Definition
Crepitation is an audible/palbable crunching or grating that accompanies movement.
Occurs with Rheumatoid Arthritis |
|
|
Term
| The anatomic location of the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anatomic location of the gallblader |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anatomic location of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Riboflavin Deficiency
A beefy red-colored tongue caused by vitamin B-complex deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of cell volume -- also indicated iron status. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A common measurement of visceral protein status. |
|
|
Term
| Low serum albumin levels occur with |
|
Definition
| protein-colorie malnutrition, altered hydration status and decreased liver function |
|
|
Term
| Infants weight fluctuation early on: |
|
Definition
Birth -> First few days: Lose weight but regain 7th to 10th day
4 months -> double birth weight
1 year -> triple birth weight |
|
|
Term
Infants should not drink skim/low fat milk younger than:
Why? |
|
Definition
2 years
Fat is required for proper growth and CNS development |
|
|
Term
| In adolescence caloric and protein requirements increase -> as well as what two vitamins/minerals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During ________, growth and nutrient needs stabilize. Therefore it is an important time for education to preserve health and to prevent or delay the onset of chronic disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During ________, growth and nutrient needs stabilize. Therefore it is an important time for education to preserve health and to prevent or delay the onset of chronic disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major risk factors for "The Aging Adult" for undernutrition/overnutrition? |
|
Definition
| Poor physical/mental health, social isolation, alcoholism, limited functional ability, poverty, and polypharmacy |
|
|
Term
| Important nutritional features of the older years are a decrease in energy requirements due to loss of _____ ______ _____ (the most metabolically active tissue) and and increase in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamins are essential for fetal growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ immigrants have increased risk of becoming overweight and obese as they adapt to a diet in the US that is higher in saturated fats + calories. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ women have lower risk for osteoporosis than _______ women. |
|
Definition
|
|
