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Definition
Integration, equality, and an end to segregation
MLK
1963: March on Birmingham (Children's Crusdade)
March on Washington (government took over the march and replaced James Baldwin with Burt Lancaster for speakers)
16th Street Baptist bombing (Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson)
MLK murdered in 1968, Memphis, TN |
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| 4 girls murdered in 16th St. Baptist bombing |
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Definition
Addie Mae Collins
Denise McNair
Cynthia Wesley
Carole Robertson |
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Term
| Black Nationalist Movement |
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Definition
Malcolm X
Against integration, seeks permanent separation, forming a new nation (Nation of Islam was a huge supporter)
"By all means necessary" but Black Nationalist group was never associated with violence |
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Definition
Seeking an inversion of the racial hierarchy system
Watts Riot (Adjacent to Beverly Hills, 34 dead, over 1000 injured, 4000 arrested)
Black panthers (Oakland, Huey Newton & Bobby Seale) to patrol the ghettoes & protect residents from police, called for all blacks being released from prison, arming of all blacks, and blacks being exempt from income taxes & the draft
Newton was arrested for the death of a policeman and found guilty, though probably innocent. Seale was arrested for charges of conspiracy to commit riots |
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Term
| Black Panthers (Black Power Movement) |
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Definition
Oakland, Huey Newton & Bobby Seale
to patrol the ghettoes & protect residents from police, called for all blacks being released from prison, arming of all blacks, and blacks being exempt from income taxes & the draft
Newton was arrested for the death of a policeman and found guilty, though probably innocent.
Seale was arrested for charges of conspiracy to commit riots and put in jail for contempt of court |
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Term
| Civil Rights Movement began during 3 sporting events: |
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Definition
1. Jesse Owens winning 4 gold medals in the Olympic (1936)
2. Joe Lewis winning the Heavyweight Champion of the World (1938)
3. Jackie Robinson debut for the Brooklyn Dodgers (1947) |
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Term
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Definition
Ran for President in 1948, Segregation Party, which tried to guarantee segregation
-won 4 states (Miss, AL, Louisiana, SC)
Elected to Senate in SC, won as a write-in candidate
-served till 100, in 2001
-ran the longest filibuster in US history (Voting Rights Bill) 26 hours |
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Term
| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) |
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Definition
| 1st sit in in US history (tried to desegregate a coffee shop) |
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Term
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) |
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Definition
-1957, MLK
-Largest Civil Rights Organization in the South
-Lasted until 1972 with election of Jesse Jackson |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ordered to desegregate in 1954
Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown family from Kansas, Linda walked over 3 miles to school
Myth of Ham was State of Kansas' primary defense
Brown family won 5 to 4
University of Alabama, Little Rock High School |
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Term
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Definition
1955- 14 years old
Showed friends school photo of white friend outside general store
Carolyn Bryant in store testified that he raped her "Bye, bye baby"
Roy Bryant & JW Malone found not guilty, both confessed one year later
Body was drug out of river, tied to fan w/ barbed wire, drilled in the head, dental records couldn't identify
Mom insisted on open casket- photo on front page |
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Term
| Three questions about Richard for all the witnesses during trial |
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Definition
Drugs?
Photographs?
Gun?
Had nothing to do with proving Richard a rapist or Lyle killing Richard |
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Term
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Definition
Focused on her sex life:
-prove the idea of hypersexuality
-make her seem like a liar
-Richard's character
-humiliate her (so other black people would be less likely to testify) |
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Definition
Questions about his sex life
-minister, community leader
-all black people are corrupt, brings the entire race down |
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Definition
Richard is much older
Till was mutilated
Till was naive, a kid
Richard was given a chance to walk away alive |
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Term
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Definition
Mumified Woman: One of the 12 Human Wonders of the World
"Obedient Daughter, Devoted Wife, Adoring Mother, Gone Wrong"
Dead over 25 years, murdered by her husband for cheating on him, he threw her into the Great Salt Lake- she floated
-Skin turned black (sin, Myth of Ham... true colors, hypersexuality... innate, sinful nature)
-displayed like Sara Bartman
-Connection with the Cult of True Womanhood
-man should have been in jail but was a lynching, carnival like atmosphere |
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Term
| Children who were not allowed to view till Thursday |
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Definition
-because their parents work at the guano plant (they smell bad)
-classification based on parents (condition of the mother)
-based on a physical marker (no ability to pass)
*institutionalized racism |
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Term
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Definition
-Physically disgusting, animal-like, can not speak: Great Chain of Being, closer to animals than humans, lower than primates
-pregnant, probably not consensual
-society didn't care
-people turn away-guilt
-school doesn't allow her to stay (incapable of becoming a lady)
A pregnant orphan who lives in the slums surrounding Saxon College. Believed to be about thirteen, the Wild Child is a tough survivor who lives in an abandoned building and survives through scavenging. Uncouth and untouched by any civilizing influences, she has smoked and cursed since an early age. She is also elusive and wary of other people until Meridian seizes her. |
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Definition
-Planted by a slave who had her tongue cut out, robbed of a voice
-By cutting down the tree, the students were not going to hide any longer (separation from slavery)
-Also, cutting down the tree doesn't hurt the administration, only the students, connection to Watts Riot (Meridian wants them to destroy Presidents house) |
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Term
| Why it might be Lynne's fault that Tommy Odds' arm was shot off |
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Definition
1. Lynne dresses provocatively
2. She touches and kisses black men in public (therefore making all of these men rapists in the eyes of the white community)
3. She sews on their patches (ties them to groups like the Black Panthers, militaristic)
4. Lynne is very critical of the woman who doesn't want to vote (she doesn't understand the lives of people she is helping)
5. She marries Truman (atoning for her sins, ties to eroticism)
6. She is selfish & stupid (harbors racism) |
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Term
| Original title of Meridian |
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Definition
Atonement & Release
-Truman, Meridian, and Lynne all have sins they want to atone for |
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Term
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Definition
| A young civil rights worker and the protagonist of the novel. Thin and slight, with deep brown skin, Meridian is a deeply sad and serious presence. Bold, defiant, and courageous, Meridian seems older than she is. Cynical and often pessimistic, she does not fill her life and perceptions with hope. Rather, a stubborn ambivalence often prevails. Later, a serene, detached calm settles on her life. Almost repulsed by sex and the physical aggressions of men, she ultimately prefers her own company. As her illness progresses and her hair falls out, she takes to wearing a knitted cap at all times. She returns to church after the death of Martin Luther King, JR. |
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Term
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Definition
| Meridian’s former lover and an active participant in the civil rights movement. Truman is a handsome man whose intelligence borders on arrogance. His air of pretension and his desire to impress set him apart. He often lapses into French when he knows that the person he is addressing has little or no grasp of the language. Passionate and emotionally volatile, he is unable to resist the powerful pull of the women in his life. At the same time, he can be aloof and distant, an emotional coward who would rather run away from a problem than confront it directly. |
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| A white Jew from the North, and Truman’s eventual wife. Lynne is an argumentative, slightly aggressive woman who is seduced by ideology and her own heightened sense of self-importance, but she is also a selfless and dedicated worker in the movement. Her involvement is rooted partially in guilt and an exaggerated sense of her own complicity in racial injustice and the racism meted out by legions of American whites. Later, her idealism turns to regret, defeat, and a steely resignation as she is plagued with jealousy—of Meridian, in particular—and dissatisfaction of the course her life has taken. |
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Definition
| Meridian’s friend at Saxon College and a radical member of the civil rights movement. Anne-Marion is judgmental, opinionated, and easily angered, and she has a strong desire to succeed. She is also radical and rebellious, and she brings an intensity to her contributions to the civil rights movement. She cuts off her hair and openly disavows any belief in the Christian faith. At her worst, she is self-centered and incapable of true friendship or emotional vulnerability in any form. |
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Definition
| Meridian’s mother. A former teacher, Gertrude is deeply religious and has a rigid and unyielding sense of morality and propriety. Despite her deep reserves of faith, she is a fragile spirit who is not up to the tasks and demands of being a wife and mother. At times bitter and spiteful, she feels trapped and short-changed by how her life has turned out and is resigned to self-sacrifice. There is a sense of martyrdom in her acceptance of her status as a second-class citizen. Her stalwart sense of self-denial and her single-minded pursuit of virtue and rightness intimidate Meridian and those around her, making them feel insufficient and weak. |
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Definition
| A friend of Truman’s who works on voter-registration drives in Mississippi. Tommy is dedicated and charismatic, and he is successful at getting more southern blacks to register and vote. Later, his less appealing qualities emerge, as his anger and resentment over losing part of his arm boil over into rape and other violence. His desire for revenge and his wish to blame Lynne for his troubles blind him to reason and mute his otherwise kind and generous nature. |
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Definition
| Meridian’s husband and the father of her son. Eddie is Meridian’s high school boyfriend, a stereotypical high school sports hero who never outgrows the popularity and glory he achieved via his athletic prowess and charm. Eddie is smart and hardworking but lacks the ambition and the ability to pull himself and his family out of their current station. His immaturity is evident through his infidelity and lack of serious commitment to his new family. |
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Term
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Definition
| Truman & Lynne's Daughter who later dies |
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Term
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Definition
March 1931
9 black boys kicked off the train in Scottsboro for horseplay
White prostitute claimed that the boys raped them
Withing a few days, all 9 were tried, found guilty, and sentenced to death |
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Term
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Definition
"race expert" - U. of Chicago
"The Rising Tide of Color"- fears put into academic book
Book came from time on the Birth Control League-determined to shaped what US population would look like
-was sent to Germany to help establish eugenics program |
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Term
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Definition
Constitutional for states to force sterilization
"unfit people"
Did not declare how people should be chosen
4,000 conducted per year |
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Term
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Definition
Planned Parenthoood
Changed objectives after the war |
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Term
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Definition
1. victim must be killed
2. done by a group
3. death in a public nature
4. killing is done as a form of vigilantly justice
over a 48 year period, there were 2,856 recorded lynchings.1 every 5 days. |
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Term
| 3 states w/o recorded lynchings |
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Definition
Maine
New Hampshire
Connecticut |
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Term
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Definition
Two types:
1. pieces written about the Antebellum period but after the fact
2. pieces that have contemporary plots and characters but are directly connected to slavery |
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Definition
Character driven by anger. (about race)
Angry about 3 periods:
1. before NY: angry about:
-mom's death (murder)
-police don't do anything
-angry at his dad, Meridian (who didn't do anything)
2. In New York: angry about:
-arrested for drugs, rehab, lost his career (he assumes b/c of race)
-white women who are attracted to him because he is exotic
-at himself at the end of his career (weak, so he buys a gun)
3. Moves back home: angry about:
-sees himself following his father (weak)
-moving back to having freedom taken away
-his own race |
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Term
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Definition
Driven by fear.
Why is Lyle afraid of Richard?
-physical dominance
-Lyle is a bully and Richard is the only one to stand up against him
-offended
-afraid Richard's friends will follow
-because Richard has pictures of white women, it suggests that the women were attracted to him, meaning his wife could also be
-Richard is better off money wise b/c he tries to buy a coke with a $20 bill. |
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Term
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Definition
Meant to represent "white moderate"- when in all black company, talks about civil rights but does not act
MLK said white moderate is a bigger threat than the KKK
Parnell is a bigger threat than Lyle
-the black people trust him |
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