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| Refers to biology (boy or girl) differences in anatomy, hormones (more testosterone or more estrogen), chromosomes (xx, xy). |
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| Refers to social/culture behavioral characteristics: gender refers to culture’s ideas of what’s masculine vs. feminine (emotional, caring) – we get a lot of gender characteristics from environment. |
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| someone who is born with characteristics of both sexes or they are born with ambiguous genitalia. |
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| when a person’s gender identity does not match their anatomy so their adopt the social characteristics of the other sex. |
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| a person whose gender identity does not match their anatomy so they have surgery and/or take hormones to change biologically into the other sex. |
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| Specific examples of gender socialization of children at home |
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| toys teach girls and boys what their society considers “gender appropriate statuses” – such as mechanic versus homemaker – and toys teach the skills needed for those statuses |
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| Specific examples of gender socialization of children at school: |
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teacher-student interaction, career counseling, and college mentors.
Elementary School teacher/student interaction: (kid just yelled out right answer of “black”, good job for boys, let’s raise our hands first for girls)
Career counseling “gender track” students (they encourage students to go to gender appropriate fields) (ex. Women nursing, men pre-med) |
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| When men talk. Its goal is to control the conversation, style of speech is competitive and therefore interrupt more often. (Usually used by men) |
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| to establish a relationship or connection with someone else, their style of speech tends to be cooperative, giving lots of positive feedback. Women do this more. |
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Tend to use many more tag on questions.
Use empty adjectives (really very, soo); use vague phrases (kind of sort of I guess.)
These stylistic differences make women sound less assertive. |
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They take up more space than women.
They invade space of women. |
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| How does the English language show gender bias? |
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→The language itself sometimes ignores women “ignores mankind”
→Makes women feel less important than men “trivializes”
→Makes women into sex objects “objectifies” (there is a huge double-standard regarding sexual behavior, ex. Men ) |
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| that refers to housework and childcareRefers to work at home that has to be done after a day of paid work. (looked at couples where both people are working full time jobs) |
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| Who usually performs Second Shift? |
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| Almost always this is the women’s job. |
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| Being stressed out because of having too many competing responsibilities |
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| Why do women perfom Second Shift? |
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1. Beliefs about gender are slow to change
2. Feminist Theory – Women doing the second shift reinforces and expresses gender inequality. |
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| Why does this gender gap exist? |
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| This sex segregation refers to the fact that men and women are concentrated in different occupations. Women are secretary, child care workers, hairdresser, cashier, teacher, etc. Men are doctors and layers, firefighter, etc. It's a problem because of the salary they receive. into different jobs, and how the gender composition of a job is linked to the pay received for that job |
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| What is the “glass ceiling”? |
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Definition
| A promotion barrier that prevents women's upward mobility, leading them not to get increase in pay usually due to lack of sponsorship of powerful senior colleages to articulate their value to the organization/profession. |
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| What is the “glass escalator”? |
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| Pushes these men to the top of their corporate ladder, by promoting men with traditionally female jobs to the top administrative jobs in disproportionately high numbers. |
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