Term
| A thins breast for x-ray exposure, reduce motion and prevent tissue overlap is what mammography view? |
|
Definition
| Compression view in mammography |
|
|
Term
| The most valuable mammo view which view from axilla to the inframammary fold this include pectoralis muscle and it can estimate mass location of superior or inferior to the nipple with slight variation what is this view? |
|
Definition
| Medio-Lateral Oblique (MLO) view |
|
|
Term
| The 2nd most valuable view of mammo views, the x-ray beam is perpendicular to floor and marker placement toward axilla to describes location of a mass either medial or lateral to the nipple what is the view? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cranial- Caudal (CC) view is |
|
Definition
| Identify location of a mass either medial or lateral to the nipple |
|
|
Term
| Medio-lateral Oblique (MLO) is |
|
Definition
| Estimate mass location superior or inferior to the nipple with sligth variation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduce motion, prevent tissue overlap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Demonstrates pathology in superior or inferior quadrants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Greater compression in one spot |
|
|
Term
| The x-ray parallel with floor and can be performed ML or LM to demonstrates mass in superior or inferior quadrants is what view of mammography? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is done with or without magnification, use the smaller compression paddles and get the greater compression in one spot is what mammography view? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the mass is above the nipple is in superior region of breast and below the nipple is inferior region of breast this is _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ML lateral view is not ________________ |
|
Definition
| knowledge of medial or lateral |
|
|
Term
| Which location if the mass is between nipple to marker? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which location if the mass is between nipple away from the marker? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knowledge of superior and inferior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to determine location of mass correlate to US method? |
|
Definition
| Use quadrant or clock method |
|
|
Term
| Which view can indicate above the nipple is superior and below the nipple is inferior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which view is done at an angle the position? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After determine what medial lateral say superior or inferior position what next rule should be used? |
|
Definition
| MULD= Medial up Lateral down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Orientation of horizontal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is horizontal orientation? |
|
Definition
Wider than tall
Long axis of tumor parallel to chest wall
Tumors tend to grow within or along the tissue plane |
|
|
Term
| What is the vertical orientation? |
|
Definition
Taller than wide
Long axis of tumor is perpendicular to chest wall
Demonstrates invasion into other tissue planes |
|
|
Term
| Tumors invade into other tissue planes is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tumors grow within or along the tissue planes is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Internal echoes or changes in the cystic wall |
|
|
Term
| The cyst describes as blood cells is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cyst describe as milk is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The cyst describes as sebum (greasy substance) is
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nipple discharge from 1 ducts usually cause by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 2nd leading cause of CA death in female is_ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast cancer is located most in quadrant of___ |
|
Definition
| UOQ (upper outer quadrant) |
|
|
Term
| If women have these will get 80% chance of getting breast cancer by age 70 What is it? |
|
Definition
| BRCA1 and BRCA2 multations |
|
|
Term
| A person with BRCA1 and BRCA2 multations, usually ____ |
|
Definition
| Get breast cancer at earlier age than the one without, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The form of DCIS which is low grade and slowing growing what is this form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The form of DCIS which is high grade and aggressive what is this form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-invasive Ductal carcinoma in Situ use which image technique is the best to detect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the other name of phyllodes tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To follow MD's initial reading is__ |
|
Definition
| CAD (computer aid diagnosis) |
|
|
Term
| Most accurate for detecting implant rupture, good for staging cancer is___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Opposite arm injected with radioactive element and it traces breast cancer is__
|
|
Definition
| Nuclear medicine (scintimamamography) |
|
|
Term
| Dye injected into duct then mammo taken is___ |
|
Definition
| ductography or galatography |
|
|
Term
| Dye injected around confirmed cancer and flow to lymph nodes- the first node that drains lymphatic fluid is____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With sentinel node if identify in surgery and BX with cancer free there is__ |
|
Definition
| good chance no mets to nodes |
|
|
Term
| US guided procedure to confirm presence of cyst or reduce cyst is __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US guided procedure to use 14 gauge needle removed core samples and is not invasive as surgery this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FNA is not accurate evaluation of what compare to what? |
|
Definition
| Cystologic is no as accurate as histologic evaluation |
|
|
Term
| Breast cancer treatment by surgery to remove of breast lump and some surrounding tissue, about 10-20 lymph nodes removed and usually followed by radiation therapy is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast cancer treatment by surgery to removal of breast, lymph nodes and pectoral fasia and it is the gold standard what is this? |
|
Definition
| Modified radical mastecomy |
|
|
Term
| Breast cancer treatment by surgery to removal of breast, lymph nodes pectoralis major and minor muscles disfiguring and outdated, only performed in extreme cases what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The treatment at local or regional therapy and 6-7 weeks of daily radiation what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The treatment using of anti-cancer drugs given orally or by IV and treat for 6-12 months what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The treatment use drugs as tamoxifen and raloxifene pills or estrogen blocker what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Screening mammography should be done yearly at ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System |
|
|
Term
| This is uncommon cancer and about 1300 new cases dx each year what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the types of breast implants? |
|
Definition
| single lumen, double lumen, reverse double lumen, expandable implant |
|
|
Term
| What is the single lumen breast implant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the double lumen of breast implant? |
|
Definition
| Include inner is silicone and outer is saline |
|
|
Term
| What is the expandable implant ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stand-off pads is use for breast to |
|
Definition
| evaluate superficial structure of the breast susch as superficial tumor or cyst, vessel, duct, lesion, skin thickening, or scanning a surgical specimen |
|
|
Term
| Annotation side of body are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Annotation for clock postion (__) or AX ( __) or SA(___) |
|
Definition
| Quadrant, Axilla, Subareolar |
|
|
Term
| Annotation scan plane are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverse and sagital planes can be used, in the sagital plane the notch is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverse and sagital planes can be used, in the transverse plane the notch is |
|
Definition
| 90 degree towards the sonographer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Terminal ductal lobule unit. the intralobular terminal ducts and extralobular terminal duct made of several lobules
Nearly all breast pathology originate from here |
|
|
Term
| Areola contains what gland? |
|
Definition
| Montgomery gland and sebaceous glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epidermis and dermis layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no breast tissue but nipple is present |
|
|
Term
| what is the anomaly of breast if there is the flat or inverted nipple and asymmetric breast growth (unilateral early ripening) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Absent breast (1 or both) |
|
|
Term
| The most common breast anomaly is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polythelia is most common in___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accessory or supernumerary breast (have more than 2 breasts) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the mammary milk line? |
|
Definition
| Extends from the axilla to the symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
| Which anomaly is usually along the milk line? |
|
Definition
| Polymastia and polythelia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enlargement of breast tissue, possible palpable subareolar nodule, breast tenderness, skin thickening and possible nipple discharge |
|
|
Term
| Causes of gynecomatia are |
|
Definition
| Hormonal changes; estrogen treatment of prostate cancer; testicular failure; tumor of testicle, adrenal and lung; chronic disease of liver, kidney and lung or by medications; Klinefelters syndrome; idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| Malignant of breast cancer between men and women are |
|
Definition
| 100x more in women than in men |
|
|
Term
| Breast cancer increase with age is _____ |
|
Definition
| the most significant risk factor |
|
|
Term
| Family history of breast cancer is ___ |
|
Definition
| The second strongest risk factor |
|
|
Term
| The higher risk if blood relative had breast CA (either mother or father's side) is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In family history if 1st degree relative the risk is ___ if 2 relative will have___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In family history if 2st degree relative the risk is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person with gene BRCA1 and BRCA2 will also be increased risk of___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With personal history of breast cancer if woman with cancer in 1 breast will has____of new cancer in either breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What risk of breast cancer to woman who start menstruating at early age (before 12) or went through menopause late (after 50) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| No children or had first child after 30 is |
|
Definition
| high risk of breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| Risk factor of oral contraceptives and prolonged use of HRT are |
|
Definition
| Increase risk of breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| What are the Non- invasive breast cancer? |
|
Definition
Ductal carcinomas in Situ (DCIS)
and
Lobular carcinomas in Situ (LCIS) |
|
|
Term
| MRI or Nuc Med is best for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is slow growing and non aggressive; occur in elderly women 50-70 years what is it? |
|
Definition
| Colloid (mucinous) carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Colloid (mucinous) carcinoma account in how much of all breast cancer mucinous tumors of mucous producing cells (gelatinous/syrup like)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US guided procedure to do quick movements to knock loose cells and aspirate them , this is less invasive, minimal complication, result in 1-2 hrs but cytologic is not accurate as histologic evaluation this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give hitologic evaluation and get result in 2-3 days this is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less invasive, minimal complication results in 1-2 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Should be performed monthly by women of all ages |
|
|
Term
| Clinical breast examination is |
|
Definition
| Performed by a physician, done once every 3 years from age 20-40 and yearly at age of 40 |
|
|
Term
| baseline study for women from 35-40 years |
|
Definition
| screening mammography yearly |
|
|
Term
| All structures are compared to _____ |
|
Definition
| mid level echogenicity of fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cyst associated with childbirth and usually in subareolar region |
|
|
Term
| Other name of sebaceous cysts? |
|
Definition
| Epidermal inclusion cysts |
|
|
Term
| This affects 60-90% of women in age of 20-40 cause cyclic pain with multiple nodules probably in bilateral is description of-___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibroadenoma occur higher in___ |
|
Definition
Afican American females
Age 20-40 |
|
|
Term
| A NON-neoplastic enlargement of male breast is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prevalent of brease cancer? |
|
Definition
| 1 out of 8 female will develop |
|
|
Term
| Breast cancer is the most common ____in female? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the most (90%) originate of breast cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast cancer 90% originate in the duct and most arise from : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast cancers result in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common of Non-invasive breast cancer is__ |
|
Definition
| Non-invasive Ductal carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) |
|
|
Term
| Why MRI or Nuc Med best for LCIS? |
|
Definition
| Usually this is not associated with microcalcification |
|
|
Term
| The most common breast cancer accounting to ___of cases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd most common type of invasive breast cancer account 8-15% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Warm, red, swollen, hard and painful breast is referred as__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Orange peel appearance of skin like edema or thick is referred as__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List other modalities for breast are___ |
|
Definition
Mammography
CAD
MRI
Nuclear medicine
Ductography
Sentinel node |
|
|
Term
| This is developed by ACR and standardizes reporting and data what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the list increased rosl pf breast cancer in males? |
|
Definition
Klinefelter's syndrome
male to female transsexual
History of chest wall irradiation (esp Hodgkin's lymphoma)
History of orchitis or testicular tumor
Liver disease
Genetic predisposition of BRCA2 gene mutation, history of breast ca in female relatives and P53 mutation |
|
|
Term
| Description of males breast are__ |
|
Definition
Nipple and areola relatively small,
retains some ductal elements beneath nipple,
doesn't develop milk, producing lobular and acinar tissue and ductal elements usually remain small |
|
|
Term
| This is hypertrophy of ductal elements due to hormonal fluctuations disease processes or medication what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This rupture of both shell and fibrous capsule and escape of silicone into breast tissue, the silicone can spread through lymph nodes to distant sites what is the rupture type? |
|
Definition
| Silicone extracapsular rupture |
|
|
Term
| This rupture accounts for 80% of ruptures, the implant shell rupture and silicone escapes into fibrous capsule what is the rupture type? |
|
Definition
| Silicone intracapsular rupture |
|
|
Term
| This is can be imaged with mammo but with lighter compression and MRI most accurate for detecting this rupture, so what is this? |
|
Definition
| Breast augmentation (implant) |
|
|
Term
| This rupture is easily absorbed by body and usually diagnosed clinically due to rapid deflation what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast augmentation (implantation) appx ____women have had. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast implants filled with _______ |
|
Definition
| saline, silicone gel or combination of saline/silicone |
|
|
Term
| This is found throughout the breast what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In lymphatic system this appx 75% of lymph drainage goes to__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system is begins deep in breast toward areola, then eventually outward to chains that drain the breast what is this system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vascular supply to breast include arterial and venous, what are two main arteries in arterial system? |
|
Definition
| Lateral thoracic artery and internal mammary artery |
|
|
Term
| Vascular supply to breast include arterial and venous, what are the other arteries in arterial system? |
|
Definition
| Thoracoacromial artery and intercostal artery |
|
|
Term
| Vascular supply to breast include arterial and venous, what are the venous system include? |
|
Definition
| Superficial and deep systems |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of lymph node? |
|
Definition
| Hypoechoic cortex with hyperechoic hilum and oval shaped |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of ribs? |
|
Definition
| hyperechoic with shadowing and found deep to retromammary layer |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of pectoralis muscles layers? |
|
Definition
| hypoechoic with hyperechoic striations and found in deep to retromammary layer |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of Dense fibroglandular tissue? |
|
Definition
| Hyperechoic, it is combination of glandular epithelium and loose and dense connective tissues in parenchymal layer |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of Lactiferous ducts? |
|
Definition
Hypoechoic, if dilated and fluid filled may appear as anechoic
this can distinguish from vessels by using Dopplers |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of within mammary layer include: |
|
Definition
Glandular epithelium (isoechoic to mildly hypoechoic)
Dense fibroglandular tissue (hyperechoic)
Lactiferous ducts (hypoechoic) |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of skin layers? |
|
Definition
| Hyperechoic and thick about 0.5-2mm thick |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of fat? |
|
Definition
| Medium gray, this is found in superficial, parenchymal, retromammary layers |
|
|
Term
| What is the parenchymal in young females? |
|
Definition
| dense, fibroglandular , hyperechoic |
|
|
Term
| What is the parenchymal in lactating females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the parenchymal in aging progresses females? |
|
Definition
| the tissue become fatty (isoechoic) |
|
|
Term
| This is create distance between the face of the probe and the skin surface to improve focusing and greater detail what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stand-off pads can be a _________ and ideal thickness for breast imaging is__________- |
|
Definition
| commercial gel pad, or a watere bag or even a large glob of gel - 1cm |
|
|
Term
| To evaluate specific area on breast only is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To survey entire breast with attention to certain area is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is disadvantage of of sonography in breast exam? |
|
Definition
| Not helpful as screening tool for breast cancer and cannot detect microcalcification |
|
|
Term
| What is patient position for breast exam? |
|
Definition
| Pt lies supine with ipsilateral arm placed behind head and may need to place some towels/ sheets under the pt's shoulder |
|
|
Term
| What transducer for breast exam? |
|
Definition
| High frequency transducer (12-15 MHz) used with moderate pressure |
|
|
Term
| What method is distance from the nipple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What method is depth of lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 near nipple
2 mid distance from nipple
3 periphery of breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A superficial
B mid depth (likely within mammary layer)
C near chest wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 90 degrees from the radial position |
|
|
Term
| Anti radial the notch is __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List in order the anatomic layers |
|
Definition
Skin
Subcuataneous layer (premammary)
Mammary layer
Retromammary space
Muscle layers (pectoralis major and minor)
Chest wall (ribs and intercostal muscles) |
|
|
Term
| The layer of superficial fascia deep within retromammary space posterior to mammary layer, and important to deter spread of cancer to chest wall is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Space between the posterior margin of mammary layer and pectoral muscles is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The retromammary layer contains__ |
|
Definition
| thin layer of fat, deep layer of superficial fascia, and the amount of fat will increase with age, pregnancy and obesity, the deep layer of superficial fascia allows movement of breast of chest wall. |
|
|
Term
| What is lactiferous ducts? |
|
Definition
| Intralobular terminal duct and extralobular terminal duct transports milk to nipple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| several lobules (or TDLU's)make up breast lobe, each breast contains 15-20 lobe, and 1 latiferious duct emerges from each lobe and travels toward nipple |
|
|
Term
| All breast pathology originate from where in breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many lobes in each breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many lactiferious duct in each breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many acini made up of lobule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of about 30 acini |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest functional unit of the breast |
|
|
Term
| What is other name of mammary layer? |
|
Definition
| Parenchymal/ or glandular |
|
|
Term
| There is 2 tissue types of mammary layer are:_ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supportive tissue of breast |
|
|
Term
| What is a part of stroma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is cooper's ligaments? |
|
Definition
| Part of stroma and supportive tissue run between the superficial and deep layers of the superficial fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acini, lobules, TDLU's, lobes and lactiferous ducts |
|
|
Term
| where is the mammary layer locate? |
|
Definition
| axillary tail of spence extends to axilla |
|
|
Term
| This is breast tissue and is completely contained between the layers of this layer and this layer splits into the superficial layer and deep layer is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most superficial consists primarily of fat and also contains cooper's ligaments and located immediately beneath skin (thin) is called__ |
|
Definition
| Subcutaneous (premammary layer) |
|
|
Term
| This is circular area of darker pigmentation seen around nipple and contains Montgomery glands is called as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sebaceous glands is seen as ___on areola? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This contains many senory nerve endings and about 15-20 collecting lactiferous duct opening what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal thickness of skin is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles |
|
|
Term
| Skin is thicker in ___and thins in __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Subcutaneous layer and retromammary layer are thin layer contain: |
|
Definition
| fatty tissue and cooper's ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functional portion of the breast |
|
|
Term
| Cooper's ligaments extend from the____ |
|
Definition
| retromammary fascia to the skin and provide support |
|
|
Term
| Terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) is made up of __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatty tissue interspersed ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lactifereous ducts carry milk from___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________lobes radiate from the nipple |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Round/oval/ lobulated/Irregular (angle and straight line)/Spiculated |
|
|
Term
| Benign mass shapes includes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignant mass shapes includes: |
|
Definition
| Lobulated/ Irregular (angle and straight lines)/ Spiculated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smooth/ tumor displaces adjacent tissues
Macrolobulated/ gentle, larged lobulations
Microlobulated/ small and less than 2mm lobulations
Ill defined/ indistinct margins
Angular/ irregular , jagged
Spiculated/ straight lines radiate from center of tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smooth/circumscribe and Macrolobulated |
|
|
Term
| Malignant margins include:_ |
|
Definition
| Microlobulated / Ill defined/ Angular/ Spiculated |
|
|
Term
| Tumor displaces the adjacent tissues in which margin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Margin is gentle large and lobulations what is this margin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Margin is small and less than 2 mm lobulation what is this margin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is irregular and jagged what is this margin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This margin is indistinct margins what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| They are straight lines radiate from the center of the tumor what is this margin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List all benign mass in breast? |
|
Definition
Cysts (simple or complex)-Galactocele-Sebaceous cyst-Fibrocystic changes-Fibroadenoma and Juvenile
Fibroadenoma-Intraductal papilloma-Lipoma-Mastitis-Abscess-Trauma (Hematoma/Seroma) - Gynecomastia(Male) |
|
|
Term
| Simple cysts occur in____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cyst describes as fat and protein cells is____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cyst describe as purulent fluid and may have thick walls is _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cyst describe as purulent fluid or possible with thick walls is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By which way to prove benign from CA of fibrocystic changes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tumor projecting into the lumen of the duct |
|
|
Term
| This the most common during lactation in the 2nd or 3rd postpartum week, cracked nipple can allow bacterial infection what is it? |
|
Definition
| Benign- inflammation mastitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complication from mastitis |
|
|
Term
| Blood filled tumor due to direct trauma and may see skin bruising is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gynecomastia is associated with |
|
Definition
Increase in estrogen and or decrease in testosterone
in Unilateral or bilateral |
|
|
Term
| Causes of nipple discharge are |
|
Definition
| Various breast diseases or incidental |
|
|
Term
| What are the invasive breast cancer? |
|
Definition
Invasive Ductal carcinoma (IDC)
Invasive Lobular carcinoma (LDC)
Medullary carcinoma
Colloid carcinoma
Papillary carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of breast cancer? |
|
Definition
| Invasive ca-Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) |
|
|
Term
| What is the differentiate with invasive papillary carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| Non-invasive papillary cancer and benign intraductal papilloma |
|
|
Term
| What are the other cancer types in breast? |
|
Definition
Paget's disease
Phyllodes tumor
Inflammatory carcinoma
metastasis |
|
|
Term
| US guided procedure to flexible wire placed through needle into breast lesion and hook or barb it in place is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the implants placed? |
|
Definition
-Subglandular (posterior to parenchymal layer and anterior to pectoralis muscles)
-Subpectoral (posterior to pectoralis muscles) |
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of cooper's ligaments are__ |
|
Definition
| Hyperechoic, this is part of dense connective tissue and best seen in superficial fat layer as thin , wavy linear structures and may shadow |
|
|
Term
| What should the sonographer visually inspect breast for? |
|
Definition
Size, shape, contour and symmetry
Skin redness, edema, dimpling or retraction, protrusions and thickening
Nipple retraction or discharge
surgical scars |
|
|
Term
| To obtain patient history what should be needed? |
|
Definition
| Age , history of brease disease, history of cancer, family history of breast cancer, medication (hormones) pervious breast surgeries, pain level and location |
|
|
Term
| Indication for breast US are |
|
Definition
Palpable lump
Follow up mammographic abnormality
Mass characterization
Evaluate inflammation, implants, nipples discharge
Male breast
Guide procedures |
|
|
Term
| Describes as round/oval anechoic with smooth margins, sharp borders, contain acoustic enhancement/edge shadowing and compressible with no internal Doppler signal is description of ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obstructed lactiferous ducts, usually in the TDLU or from hormonal dilatation |
|
|
Term
| The cyst describes as calcium in dependent portion (collection of tiny calculi within the lumen of a cyst) is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cysts US finding as gravity dependent debris, wall thickening, septations, low to medium level echoes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US finding of galactocele is |
|
Definition
| Round/oval/lobulated/ and well defined mass with hypoechoic to isoechoic, acoustic enhancement |
|
|
Term
| Sebaceous cyst is obstructed ___ |
|
Definition
| sebaceous gland in dermis |
|
|
Term
| US finding of sebaceous cyst is |
|
Definition
| Round/ well defined in superficial with acoustic enhancement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cysts of various sizes/ it can be simple or complex, cluster of cysts |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common SOLID, benign tumor of the breast and arise from TDLU? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painless, palpable, firm or rubbery and moveable |
|
|
Term
| US findig of Fibroadenoma is__ |
|
Definition
| Round/oval/lobulated well defined borders, with hypo to isoechoic /homogeneous and thin echogenic pseudocapsule with edge shadowing |
|
|
Term
| This may be hypervascular, occur in adolescents and grow rapidly up to 5cm usually surgical removed what is it? |
|
Definition
| Benign-Juvenile (giant) Fibroadenoma |
|
|
Term
| This occur in 30-55 years, tumor projecting into the lumen of the duct, with most common cause of bloody nipple discharge and NON-Palpable and LESS THAN 2cm (<2cm) |
|
Definition
| Benign-Intraductal Papilloma |
|
|
Term
| US finding of intraductal papilloma is |
|
Definition
Located in subareolar region (radial scan will help)
Single of multiple, small, SOLID hypo to iso round/oval or TUBULAR lesion in duct, may see dilated ducts and Doppler signal in solid component. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only tumor with a true capsule and contains adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
| This arise from subcutaneus FAT layer anywhere is body, in breast usually located superficially or can be at retromammary, it is soft, compressible and mobile. What is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptom of inflammation Mastitis is |
|
Definition
| Pain, swelling, redness, local skin thickening, purulent nipple discharge, leukocytosis, fever, antibiotic used to resolve |
|
|
Term
| US finding of Inflammation mastitis is _ |
|
Definition
| Increased echogenicity of superficial fat and parenchymal layers; Possible shadowing due to cellulitis (edema), blurred tissue planes, skin thickening; possible dilated ducts; hypervascular |
|
|
Term
| This is localized area of pus and can form anywhere in the body, if in breast it is usually in Retro-Areolar region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex, predominatly cystic mass with thick irregular borders and acoustic enhancement, localized skin thickening increase, it is increased Doppler signal at periphery |
|
|
Term
| US finding of trauma in both form of hematoma and seroma are |
|
Definition
| Simple cyst, fluid with angular margins, low level internal echoes thick wall with septations |
|
|
Term
| Nipple discharge come from galatorrhea are: |
|
Definition
| Bilateral milk discharge from non-lactating- non-pregnant women that is endocrine or medication included |
|
|
Term
| Nipple discharge from purulent is |
|
Definition
| usually unilateral and multiple ducts |
|
|
Term
| Benign cause of nipple discharge is in___ |
|
Definition
| Intraductal papilloma or duct ectasia |
|
|
Term
| Malignant cause of nipple discharge is in___ |
|
Definition
| Intraductal papillary carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Which discharge that may indicated of breast cancer? |
|
Definition
Serous (clear yellow)
Serosanguineous (pink-serous and bloody)
Sanguineous (Red bloody)
Watery (clear pale yellow) |
|
|
Term
| List risk factor of breast cancer? |
|
Definition
| Gender-Age-Family history-Genetic-Personal history of breast cancer-Mentrual period-Child bearing-Hormonal influence |
|
|
Term
| Non-invasive Ductal carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is |
|
Definition
| The most common DCIS and the second most common of breast cancer overall |
|
|
Term
| This carcinoma confined within the duct and arise from the TDLU what is it? |
|
Definition
| Ductal carcinomas in Situ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mass or no mass with shadowing, architectural distortion and possible duct dilation, best seen with mammo at Microcalcification |
|
|
Term
| Which carcinoma arise from the lobule in premenopausal women usually in bilateral and multi-quadrant? |
|
Definition
| LCIS = lobule carcinoma in Situ |
|
|
Term
| LCIS is difficult detected by___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the LCIS develop to invasive ca? |
|
Definition
| 10 fold risk because this associated with invasive ca to opposite side of breast |
|
|
Term
| This is a malignant change of ductal epithelium/invades through the duct what is this carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| Invasive ductal carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| The IDC sign and symptoms? |
|
Definition
| Patient present with palpable mass, hard "gritty" texture, immovable, skin dimpling or retraction or nipple retraction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SOLID mass, irregular, angular or spiculated, taller than wide, markedly hypo heterogeneous, with post shadowing. |
|
|
Term
| This is malignant changes of the lobular epithelium/invasion outside the lobule what is this? |
|
Definition
| Invasive lobular carcinoma ILC |
|
|
Term
| ILC account how many percentage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Invasive lobular carcinoma is __ |
|
Definition
| Most frequently missed breast cancer because usually non-palpable, this may Mets through lymphatics / bloods |
|
|
Term
| Which carcinoma difficult to detect by mammo or US due to no microcalcification? |
|
Definition
Non-invasive -->Lobular carcinoma in Situ LCIS
Invasive--> Invasive lobular carcinoma ILC |
|
|
Term
| This is occur in young women, fast growing/large but good prognosis account 5% of all invasive breast cancer what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medullary carcinoma account how many percent in all invasive breast cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medullary carcinoma is__ |
|
Definition
| Non tender, compressible, slightly movable and commonly mistaken for benign fibroadenomas |
|
|
Term
| US finding of Medullary carcinomas are___ |
|
Definition
| Large, SOLID, round/oval or Macrolobulated, taller than wide, irregular borders, possible enhancement |
|
|
Term
| US finding of colloid (mucinous) carcinoma are __ |
|
Definition
| Hypoechoic to isoechoic in comparison to fat, well circumscribed, homogenous, shadowing uncommon; and complex cystic mass |
|
|
Term
| This is malignant version of intraductal papilloma in posmenopausal women mass locate in subareolar with nipple discharge what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US finding of papillary carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| Well marginated, SOLID mass, ductal dilation, possible microcalcifications or complex mass |
|
|
Term
| This is RARE, underlying carcinoma (usually in invasive carcinoma or carcinoma in Situ) this spread up within ducts to surface epithelium of nipple what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paget's disease dx clinically as___ |
|
Definition
Crushty, scaly, red nipple or areola
Bleeding , oozed, itching or burning of affected area |
|
|
Term
| US finding of paget's disease are__ |
|
Definition
| Nipple / areola skin thick, possible ductal dilation, possible subareolar mass |
|
|
Term
| This is RARE and occur in women 30-50 years, Solitary, large tumor that can be reoccur what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phyllodes tumor or cystosarcoma is seen as__ |
|
Definition
"leaf like", connective tissue (stroma); it usually benign but can be malignant
It is large, palpable, firm mobile mass and may bulge skin |
|
|
Term
| US finding of phyllodes tumor are__ |
|
Definition
| Large/ SOLID well defined mass with smooth, lobulated borders; hypo or isoechoic; homo or hetero; and possible acoustic enhancement |
|
|
Term
| This is poor prognosis and this is a primary breast cancer (usually IDC) that invades lymphatics vessels of breast what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory carcinoma describe as____ |
|
Definition
Warm, red, swollen, hard, painful breast-"hot red breast"
like orange peel appearance of skin as edema/ thick- "Peau d' orange" sign |
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory carcinoma is seen with__ |
|
Definition
| flattening/retraction of nipple, palpable mass and lymph node enlargement |
|
|
Term
| US finding of inflammatory carcinoma are__ |
|
Definition
| skin thickening; dilated lymph vessels; tissue plane disruption; diffuse appearance of parenchymal layer and all tissues are hypervascular |
|
|
Term
| This is spread by lymphatic, blood and direct invasion what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are primary breast cancer spread to? |
|
Definition
| Lymph nodes, bone, lung, liver and opposite breast |
|
|
Term
| Where is the most common nodal mets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It spread to supraclavicular lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Where the Metastatic cancer to breast comes from? |
|
Definition
| Melanoma (most common), lymphoma, lung, sarcoma, ovary and opposite breast |
|
|
Term
| US findings of metastasis are__ |
|
Definition
| Multiple well circumscribed palpable masses; hypoechoic; located in superficial fat layer often BILATERAL |
|
|
Term
| This is suspicious and finding are often cancer with irregular solid mass, microcalcifications and consider Bx That is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is malignant because 95% or more with chance of being malignant with spiculated mass, solid mass with nipple retraction or skin thickening requires BX what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is probably benign and the lesion that have equal or less than 2% chance of being malignant and includes complex cysts, small intraductal papillomas and a a subset of fibroadenomas, need short term follow up or biopsy what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is normal with normal sono tissues that cause mammographic or clinical abnormalities need follow up what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is benign includes intramammary lymph nodes, estatic ducts, simple cysts and defintely benign nodules such as lipomas need follow up what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the normal sonographic appearance of Glandular epithelium? |
|
Definition
| Isoechoic to midly hypoechoic and TDLUs and acini in parenchymal layer |
|
|
Term
| If palpable lump notes so what should be documentation for? |
|
Definition
| Location size, shape, consitency, mobility, distance from the nipple and date first discovered and if it has changed over time |
|
|
Term
| The sonographic appearance of breast exam depend on many things as___ |
|
Definition
| Age, inherited breast tissue pattern, functional state of the breast |
|
|
