• Main Project: Social Settlement
• Large Mansion (Hull House) served as a community center and a spark plug for neighborhood betterment and political reform
• First expected it would only offer "cultural uplift", views changed as she got to know workers, neighbors and struggled through Depression
• Believed immigrants already knew what they needed to succeed but didn't have the resources or political voice to achieve it 
• Gathered enough information (health threats, safety concerns) to prepare a complaint to the city
• Helped open public facilities, operated employment bureuas, cooperative kitchens

• Anarchist that believed the state was harmful, opposed authority
• Jewish immigrant from Russia who founded American society to be unjust (inequality, repression, exploitation)
• Her ideals came from Jewish historical experience shaped by longstanding oppression
• Felt strongly about Freedom of expression, sexual freedom and birth control, equality for women, workers rights
• Was one of the most dangerous anarchist in America, often harassed while lecturing and banned
• However, became a prominent figure in the establishment of the right to freedom of speech

• Female environmental chemist in the US in the 19th century
• First woman accepted into MIT, first female instructore, first woman to earn a degree in chemistry
• Icon for woman's rights, designated landmarks in her name

• American historian from Wisconsin
• Best known for an essay on the significance of the frontier in American history
• Argued that moving west shaped American democracy
• Success of US was directly tied to the country's westward expansion

• The result of American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence against Spain 
• After the sinking of The Maine, political pressures from Democratic party forced McKinley into a war he wished to avoid
• Attempted to compromise --> sent ultimatum to Spain demanding it surrender Cuba, Spain denied
• Battle at Manila Bay proved a great success for the US --> resulted in the Treat of Paris (gave us temporary control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines)

• Conflict between the US and Philippines
• Philippines wanted to gain independence following annexation from the Treaty of Paris after the Spanish American War
• Lasted much longer than the Spanish American War, US Army resorted to harsh tactics that Spain employed on Cuba
• Treaty of Manila guaranteed freedom of religion but witheld any promis of of citizenship

Panama Canal

• Britain in need of strong alliance with US and granted them a portion of their Latin American claims to build a canal
• "Big Stick": Roosevelt believed we needed all naval power, with access to two oceans 
• Columbia ruled Panama and US tried to purchase a strip of Panama but Columbia refused
• Roosevelt was furious and contemplated total seizure but went with assistance to an independence movement for Panama 
• Recognized the new nation of Panama and obtained a renewable lease of the canal zone 
• Gave the US a commanding position in the Western Hemisphere

• Last monarch and only queen of Hawaii
• Constructed a new constitution feeling threatened by the American and European businessmen organized to dispose her reign for sugar trade
• Many sailors aboard the USS Boston in Honolulu and Hawaii was now a protectorate of the United States

• British ocean liner and briefly the world's biggest ship
• The sinking of it by a U-Boat in 1915 helped provoke the US into entering World War I
• German's bombed the boat which killed 123 Americans and helped stimulate an anti-German sentiment which eventually led to declaration of war

• Diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to start war againt the US
• However, the proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence and revealed to American Public
• Mexico rejected proposal, but this helped towards the declaration of war on Germany

• Allies decided to base negotions off of Wilson's blueprint for peace that he had presented to the US congress a year earlier
• Open diplomacy: freedom of seas, arms reduction, removal of trade barriers, self determination
• Essential to his plan was an international regulatory body (eventually League of Nations) that would guaruntee independence and territorial integretity to great and small states alike

• Paris Peace Conference was held by the victorious Allied powers to set peace terms for the Central Powers
• Japanese proposed that all races treated equally, Allies rejected 
• Excluded many reperesentatives, "peace among equals" was not being reached
• David George of Britain and Goerges Clemeceau of France imposed harsh punishment on Germany (forced nation to pay in reparations, give up coal supplies, ships, patents, and territory)
• Wilson repeatedly intervented to soften harsh demands against Germany and sought self-determination through the formation of nine new independent states 
• One of history's greatest catastrophes that created conditions for horrific future bloodshed
• Could not get congress to agree before his death to ratify the treaty and join the League of Nations 
• The US was already so deeply entagneld in imperialism that isolation wasn't a realistic option, setting conditions for the US to be a dominant 20th century power

• Organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I
• Main mission was to maintain world peace through collective security and disarment 
• Onset of WWII showed that the league had failed its primary purpose 
• Replaced by the UN after the war

• Fear of rising communism after the war
• Americans feared radicals were hiding everywhere and the hatred of Germans was replaced by the Bolsheviks
• Labor unrest was blamed on the "Red's" although they were few in number and had no political power
• Bomb detonated outside of attorney general A. Mitchell Palmer's townhouse (with Wilson ill by stroke, he used this to generate fear and set up an antiradicalism division)
• With his assistant Hoover, it became the FBI and it soon stormed the headquarters of radical organizations
• Captured aliens who had committed no crimes but had anarchist or revolutionary beliefs
• "Palmer Raids" peaked when federal agents invaded homes and meeting halls, arresting citizens, denying access to legal counsel 

• Major breweries were owned by German Americans, and many citizens decided that it was unpatriotic to drink beer
• The amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors anywhere in the US

• The Great Migration tripled New York's black population and Harlem now stood as the "symbol of liberty and the Promised Land to negroes everywhere"
• Talented artists, writers, and musicians flocked here
• Most notable part was jazz
• Recording industry began to develop prodcuts specifically aimed at working class blacks
• A producer recorded a black woman which prompted big labels to develop race records for black audiences
• While marketing targeted to different races reflected segregation, jazz brought black music to the center stage of American culture and even defined the decade as the "Jazz Age"
• Also brought political aspriations