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Definition
A collection of people who happen to be at the same place at the same time. People who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together
ex- waiting in line |
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Term
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Definition
People who think of themseles as belonging together and who interact with one another.
-Share common expectations
-Think of themselves as belonging together
- Vital for out well-being
-Provide intimate relationships and sense of belonging |
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Term
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Definition
People who share similar characteristics but do not interact regularly or share much of a common identity.
Ex- College students with red hair |
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Term
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Definition
Coined by Charles Cooley
- Alway small
-Endure over time
-Strong emotional attachments to one another
-Face- to- Face interaction
-"Springs of Life" (family and friends are essential to our emotional well-being)
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Term
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Definition
-Larger, More Anonymous
-Based on common interest or activity
-Members interact based on roles
-Oriented toward achieving a common goal
-Fail to satisfy need for intimate association
Ex- College Classes |
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Term
| The Iron Law of Oligarchy |
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Definition
Coined by Robert Michels
Refers to how organizations come to be dominated by a small, self- perpetuating elite. |
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Definition
| Groups which we feel loyalty towards |
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Definition
| Groups which we feel antagonism |
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Term
| In groups and Out groups produce.... |
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Definition
- Loyalty
- Pride
-Sense of Superiority
- Rivalries
Examples- Sports: Red Sox vs. Yankees |
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Term
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Definition
- Groups used as standards to evaluate selves
- Used as point of reference
- Provide a yardstick
- Influences what you read, wear, buy...
Ex: Teens looking at college students on how to act, dress |
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Term
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Definition
- Social ties that extend outward from self
- Function to link people together with common social characteristics
-Can be exclusionary
-Clique
Ex: Facebook |
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Term
| The small world Phenomenon |
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Definition
coined by Milgram
-six degrees of separation
- On average, everyone in the United States is separated by just six individuals. |
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Term
5 Characteristics of Bureaucracies
and
who founded it? |
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Definition
Founder: Weber
1.)Hierachy, clear cut levels
2.)Division of Labor
3.)Written Rules
4.)Written communication and Records
5.)Impersonality and replaceability
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Term
| Bureaucracies: The rationalization of society |
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Definition
| With their rules and emphasis on results, would increasingly dominate our lives |
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Term
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Definition
- Standardizes Social Life
- Makes Interactions predictable and manageable |
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Term
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Definition
-Red tape: A rule is a rule and they can be so bound by rules that the results can result all logic
- Invasion of Privacy
-Alienation/Dehumanization: many workers feel like objects instead of people
-Secrecy
- Inequality
- Incompetence: If you do well you are promoted and promoted well what happens when you reach the highest? (peter principle) |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to how groups influence us and how we affect groups |
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Term
Behavior in Groups
As groups increase..... intensity..... stability......
What are dyads? |
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Definition
- As the group increases, intensity decreases, stability increases
- Dyads= most intense and intimate groups
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Term
| Behavior in Groups: Larger Groups |
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Definition
- Greater Diffusion of Responsibility
- Increase in Formaility
- Division into Small Groups |
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Term
| As Group size increases..... |
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Definition
| The number of relationships increase |
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Term
| Conformity in Groups: De individuation |
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Definition
| The process of losing one's sense of personal responsibility to the group. |
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Term
| Conformity in Groups: Group think |
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Definition
The process by which members of a group support each other during decision making in order to preserve group harmony and unity.
- Collective tunnel vision |
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Term
Conformity in Groups: Authority
What experiments?
hint there are three... |
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Definition
1.) Migram's Small world Phenomenon
2.) Asch's Experiement: In our land of individualism the group is so powerful that most people are willing to say things that they know are not true
3.) Standford Prison experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| Some group members aligning themselves against others. It is not uncommon for two members to feel a stronger bond and to prefer one another. |
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Term
| Leadership: Instrumental vs. Expressive |
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Definition
Instrumental: Task oriented to keep the group moving towards its goal. Try to keep group members from getting sidetracked.
Expressive: People oriented, likely to crack jokes, offer sympathy, do things to help life the group's morale. |
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Term
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Definition
Authoritarian: Gives orders
Democratic: Voting
Laissez- Faire: Highly Permissive |
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Term
| Weber's 3 types of Legitimate Authority |
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Definition
Rational- Legal
- Based on legally enacted rules, Regulartion or contracts
Traditional
- Derived from customs
EX- Queen of England
Charismatic
- Based on leader's extraordinary personal virtures or skills
EX- Martin Luther King, Hitler.... |
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Term
| McDonaldization of Society |
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Definition
Efficiency
- Simple, highly routinized tasks
Quantification
- Time & Money
- Quanity over quality
- Tasks are carefully calculated
Predictability: Same
Control Over workers & Consumers |
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