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| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
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Definition
| a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood |
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| a long-lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies; developed either naturally, in response to infection, or artificially, in response to the administration of a vaccine |
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| a short-lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed after naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies |
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| a condition of reduced numbers of RBC, hemoglobin, or packed red blood cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues |
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| drug that dilates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve the pain of angina pectoris |
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| a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivated an antigen that has entered the body |
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| a substance that, when induced into the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it (i.e. flu shot) |
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| a drug that prevents clotting of the blood |
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| a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells |
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Definition
| a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inaqequate supply of Vitamin B-12. Causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number |
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| any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus are examples of autoimmune diseases |
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Definition
| determination of the number of each type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of the total examined |
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| introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner |
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| blood donated by and stored for a patient for future personal use (i.e. go and give blood for own surgery) |
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| blood voluntary donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient |
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| needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination |
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| pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue |
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| treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or to impair their ability to reproduce |
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| Complete blood count (CBC) |
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Definition
| a common laboratory blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes and typically includes the component tests that follow; test results are usually reported along with normal values so that the clinician can interpret the results based on the instrumentation used by the laboratory; normal ranges also may vary depending on the region and climate |
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Definition
| method of matching a donor’s blood component, such as packed red blood cells, platelets, or plasma |
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| a split or tear of the vessel wall |
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| RBC; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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| an abnormally reduced number of RBC |
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| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) |
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Definition
| timed test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma |
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| a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood |
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| breakdown of the RBC membrane |
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| a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams) |
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| a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of the blood |
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| a neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant; type of lymphoma |
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| process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen |
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| impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents |
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Definition
| impaired ability to provide an immune response |
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| chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized byabnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow |
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| WBC; protects the body from harmful invading substances |
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| collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins |
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| receives lymph from the right upper part of the body |
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| receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities |
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| many small, oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels; major locations include cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions |
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| vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes |
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| specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream (lacteus = milky) |
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| white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals |
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| any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant; Hodgkin's disease |
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| process by which cancerous cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ; the pleural form, metastases, indicates spreading to two or more distant sites |
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| a decreased number of neutrophils |
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Definition
| a granular leukocyte, named for the neutral skin of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria (phagocytosis) |
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Definition
| an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood |
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| Patent ductus arterosus (PDA) |
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Definition
| an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arterious to close after birth |
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| incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing |
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| liquid portion of the blood and lymph; contains water, proteins, and cellular components (i.e. leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets) |
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| cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation) |
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| increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood |
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| systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood |
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| enlargement of the spleen |
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| test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms; the specimen is observed, and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified |
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| an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process |
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Definition
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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Definition
| alanine aminotransferase (enzyme) |
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Definition
| aspartate aminotransferase (enzyme) |
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| comprehensive metabolic panel |
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| erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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| human immunodeficiency virus |
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Definition
| mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin |
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| mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration |
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| mean corpuscular (cell) volume |
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| positron-emission tomography |
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| polymorphonuclear (leukocyte) |
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Definition
| partial thromboplatin time |
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| red blood cell; red blood count |
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| white blood cell; white blood count |
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