Term
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Definition
| -softening, synonymous w/ necrosis in NS |
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Term
| What generally causes degen & necrotizing dz of nervous system? |
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Definition
-toxins
-metabolic disorders
-nuttritional deficiencies |
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Term
| Definition: Polioencephalomalacia |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two distribution patterns of gray matter necrosis? |
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Definition
-symmetrical malacias of gray nuclei of bran stem
-laminar cortical necrosis of cerebral cortical gray matter |
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Term
| What are some etiologies that cause symmetrical malacia of gray nuclei of brainstem? |
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Definition
-enterotoxemia in sheep
-yellow star thistle toxicosis in horses
-thiamine deficiency in carnivores
-edema dz of pigs |
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Term
| What do we usually see w/ symmetrical malacia due to enterotoxemia in sheep? |
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Definition
-sudden death due to toxemia from C. perfringens type D
-discolored areas of necrosis in brainstem in several sections of brain |
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Term
| What is the lesion we see due to yellow star thistle in horses? |
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Definition
| -nigropallidal encephalomalacia (also seen w/ russian knapweed) |
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Term
| What lesions do we see w/ thiamine deficiency in carvinores? Which species is esp susceptible? |
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Definition
-hemorrhagic, symmetrical, in brianstem
-cats |
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Term
| What is laminal cortical necrosis of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| -neuronal necrosis in a laminar pattern in cortical gray matter |
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Term
| What are some etiologies that cause laminar cortical necrosis of cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
-polioencephalomalacia of rums
-salt poisoning in pigs
-lead poisoning
-equine post-anethetic myelomalacia
-organic murcury poisoning: rare |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of polioencephalomalacia in ruminants? Others? |
|
Definition
-high sulfur content in diet ties up thiamine
-others: high oncentrate diet, diet changes that modify flora = growth of bacteria that pdc thiaminase |
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Term
| What lesions do we see w/ ruminant polioencephalomalacia? CS? |
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Definition
-brain swollen
-subtle gross lesion of degen and necrosis in lateral cerebral cortex
-patchy yellow discoloration in cortical gray matter
-CS: opisthotonus |
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Term
| What is the cause of salt poisoning? CS? |
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Definition
-restricted water followed by rapid & large consumption
-CS: convulsions |
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Term
| What lesiosn do we see due to slat poisoning? |
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Definition
-severe brain edema
-cerebelalr coning
-mild laminar cortical necrosis
-eosinophilic perivascualr cuffs |
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Term
| What CS do we see w/ post-anesthetic hemorrhagc myelomalacia in horses? Cause? |
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Definition
-pelvic limb paralysis: dg sititng
-post dorsal recumbency syndrome in young horses |
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Term
| What lesions do we see w/ post-anethetic hemorrhagic myelomalacia of horses? |
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Definition
| -C6-T8 spinal cord hemorrhage & necrosis gray matter that is not necessarly symmetrical |
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Term
| What is leukoencephalomalacia? |
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Definition
| -necrosis of white matter of the brain |
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Term
| What are some of the causes of leukoencephalomalacia? |
|
Definition
-equine dz: moldy corn toxiciy
-mulberry heart dz: Vit E/selenium deficiency in pigs |
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Term
| What is the etiology & toxin caused by moldy corn toxicity? |
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Definition
-ingestion of F. verticillioides
-toxin: fumonisin B |
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Term
| What is the classical lesion seen w/ equine leukoencephalomalacia? |
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Definition
| -necrosis of white matter in cerebral hemospheres that progresses to cavitaiton |
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Term
| Describe chronic organophosphate toxicosis. |
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Definition
| -long-term, low-dose exposure to industrial OPs can result in Wallerian degen of peripheral nn and spinal cord |
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Term
| Describe hepatoenceophalopathy. |
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Definition
-CNS dz secondary to chronic liver dz
-no gross lesions
-microscopic edema and swollen astrocytes |
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Term
| Describe locoweed toxicosis. |
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Definition
| -induced (acquired_ mannosidosis (large foamy neurons) due to swainsonine toxicosis |
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