Details Title: Exam 2 Description: various subjects Total Flash Cards: 41 Created: 05/16/2008 14:52:36		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Geology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term         The two most abundant elements on earth Definition         Oxygen and Silicon  Term         Mineral  Definition           Any naturally occuring inorganic solid chemical compound with a more or less fixed ratio composition. Homogenous and has a regular arrangement of atoms.   Term         Mineraloid  Definition           Has all of the properties of a minearl except a regular arrangement of atoms.   Term           Atom  Definition         Smallest particle in nature that still contains all of the characteristics of a mineral.    Term           An atom is composed of:  Definition           Composed of proton, electron and nuetron. Term         Atomic number:  Definition           The number of protons  Term         Atomic mass:  Definition         the number of protons and electons  Term           Isotope  Definition         Atoms with the same atomic number but diffrent mass numbers.   Term           If electrically nuetral there are:   Definition         An atom has an equal number of protons and electrons  Term Definition Term           Electrons are configured around the nucleus in:  Definition         Energy level shells: with # of electrons 2 4  Term           Bonding is accomplished:   Definition       Involves the transfer electrons from one atom to another or in some cases the sharing of electrons  Term           The diffrent type of bonds are:   Definition    Ionic: when one atom transfers an electron to another.  Covalent: when electrons from diffrent atoms are paired up Metallic: in metals, atoms are tightly packed that electrons can be shared among several atoms. Van der Walls: a weak attractions can occur between the electrically nuetral models that have an assymmetrical charge distribution  Term           Cation  Definition         When an atom losses one or more electrons, leaving a positive charge.   Term           Anion  Definition         When an atom has gained one or more electrons, leaving a ngative charge.   Term         Polymorph  Definition         ?  Term         Silica Tetrahedron  Definition          Four oxygen atoms an a silicate ion  Term         The diffrent silicate super groups are:   Definition       Single Tetrahedron: olivine  Heaxagonal Ring: beryl Single chain: pyroxene group Double chain:amphibole group Sheet: mica Three dimensional lattice: quartz  Term         Igneous rocks are classified through:   Definition        The cooling and crystalization of magma: the rate of cooling: how large the indiv. grains grow texture of the rock: effected by the grain size composition: mineral assemblage      Term           Aphanitic  Definition       in Volcanic rocks  Fine Grained texture:grains can only be seen through magnification Extremely small mineral grains that form in solidifying magma.   Term         Phaneritic  Definition       in Plutonic rocks  Course grained texture: grains can be seen by the unaided eye. Large mineral grains typically form in the last stages of crystalization, when gases build up in teh reaining magma.   Term Definition Term         Volcanic rocks  Definition         an igneous rock formed from lava  Term         Plutonic rocks  Definition         an ingeous rock formed undegrounf grom magma  Term           Mafic chemical composition  Definition         dark colored minerals rich in magnesium and iron  Term         Sialic chemical composition Definition       light colored igneous rock, rich in silicon and aluminum  Term         Felsic  Definition         light colored and contain a lrge amount of silica  Term         Bowen's Reaction Series  Definition Term Diffrent igneous rocks:   Rhyolite: Granite: Andesite: Diorite: Basalt: Gabbro: Definition     Rhyolite: felsic, high silica content and consists largely of quartz and feldspars Granite: the plutonic equivalent of rhyolite, larger grain size Andesite: intermediate silica rock with lots of feldspar mixed in with darker mafic minerals. Diorite: plutonic equivalent of andesite, an intermediate silica rock Basalt: a mafic rock, is dominant in ocean crust and the most common igneous rock on earth.  Gabbro: a plutonic equivalent of basalt, a low silica rock Term         Viscosity  Definition       the degree to which a substance resists flow; a less viscous liquid is runny and a more viscous liquid is thick  Term       How viscosity related to magma: composition tempreture  Definition Term         How viscocity realtes to eruption style  Definition     If the magma is runny, the dissolved gas will escape easily- the volcano will not explode, just bubble and fountain. If the magma is thick, it is harder for gas bubbles to escape, explosive  Term         Shield volcanoes  Definition     broad, flat volcanoes with very gently sloping sides  Hawaiian eruptions:  very runy lava Term           Flood basalts  Definition         when lava rises to the surface through long fissures that produce vast, flat lava plains  Term           Strombolian eruptions  Definition         more explosive then Hawaiian, creates cinder cones  Term         Vulcanian eruptions  Definition          explosive, produce  pyroclastic flows (tend to build up strato volcanoes)  Term         Plinian eruptions  Definition         most violent, produce ash columnsand create pyroclastic flows tend to build up (strato volcanoes)  Term         Stratovolcano  Definition       a volcano composed of solidified lava flows interlaced with pyroclastic material tend to erupt explosively  Term         Pyroclastic flow  Definition         hot volcanic fragments (tephra) that are buoyed by heat and volcanic gases and flow very rapidly.   Term         Lahar  Definition         Mudflow that is created when volcanic ash mixes in with snow or rain at the summit   Term Definition