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Exam 2
Exam 2 Study
201
Science
Undergraduate 2
10/16/2011

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Term
1% Solar Energy
Definition
Only 1% of solar energy powers plat growth, and a still smaller amount flows from plants into the organisms that earth them and the organisms that decompose dead organic matter.
Term
92 Elements
Definition
Chemists currently recognize 92 elements occurring in nature as well as more than 20 others they have created in the lab.
Term
Acidic
Definition
solutions in which contain the H+ concentration is greater than the OH- concentration.
Term
Air Elements
Definition
Nitrogen (N), 78.1%; Oxygen (O), 21.0%; Argon (Ar), 0.9%; Other, <0.1%
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
Proteins that consist of long chains of organic molecules
Term
Atom Bonding
Definition
Atoms bond together because of their attraction for one another's electrons.
Term
Atomic number
Definition
The number of protons that the atom contains.
Term
Atoms
Definition
The smallest units that maintain the chemical properties of the element, and hold a defined number of protons (positively charged particles) in the atoms nucleus.
Term
Autotrophs or Primary Producers
Definition
Organisms, such as green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, that use the sun's radiation directly to produce their own food.
Term
Basic or Alkaline
Definition
Solutions in which the OH- concentration exceeds the H+ concentration
Term
Breathable Oxygen
Definition
The reactions created through the photosynthesis process produces the breathable oxygen.
Term
C6H12O6
Definition
Sugar
Term
Calvin Cycle
Definition
In photosynthesis a series of chemical reactions in which carbon atoms from carbon dioxide are linked together to manufacture sugars.
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are simple sugars which are three to seven carbon atoms long
Term
Carbon Dioxide
Definition
One carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms; its chemical formula is CO2
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2 = CO2 + 6H20 + Energy
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
Organisms make use of the chemical energy created by photosynthesis, where the organism releases chemical energy of glucose, cells employ oxygen to convert glucose back into its original starting materials, water and carbon dioxide.
Term
Cellular Respiration Energy
Definition
The energy released per glucose molecule in respiration is only two-thirds of the energy input per glucose molecule in photosynthesis.
Term
Cellulose
Definition
The most abundant organic compound on Earth, a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of leaves, bark, stems, and roots.
Term
Chemical Energy
Definition
potential energy stored in the bonds between atoms.
Term
Chemistry
Definition
The examination of types of matter and some of the important ways they interact together.
Term
Chemosynthesis
Definition
A process that happens in deep underwater locations that completely lack sunlight where energy flows to communities of organisms. These organisms can not be fueled through photosynthesis. These bacteria in deep-sea vents use the chemical-bond energy of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to transform inorganic carbon into organic carbon compounds.
Term
Chemosynthesis
Definition
6CO2 + 6H20 + 3H2S = C6H1206 (sugar) + 3H2SO4
Term
Chitin
Definition
A complex carbohydrate that crustaceans use to form their hard shells
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
A light-absorbing pigment which is a part of photosynthesis.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
Photosynthesis occurs within cell organelles
Term
Complex Carbohydrates
Definition
Used by plants and animals.
Term
Compound Atoms
Definition
Molecules that are composed of atoms of two or more different elements.
Term
Daughter Isotope
Definition
An isotope that has decayed at least half-life.
Term
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Definition
A double-stranded nucleic acid composed of four nucleotides that contain a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. DNA carries the hereditary information for organisms and are responsible for carrying traits from paretns to offspring.
Term
Earths Crust Elements
Definition
The elements of Earths crust are:
Oxygen (O), 49.5%; Silicon (Si), 25.7%; Aluminum (Al), 7.4%; Iron (Fe), 4.7%, Calcium (Ca), 3.6%; Sodium (Na), 2.8%; Potassium (K), 2.6%; Magnesium (Mg), 2.1%; Other, 1.6%
Term
Electrons
Definition
Negatively charged particles that surround the atom's nucleus, which balance the positive charge of the protons.
Term
Element
Definition
a fundamental type of matter, chemical substance with a given set of properties, which cannot be broken down into substances with other properties.
Term
Energy
Definition
The capacity to change the position, physical composition, or temperature of matter. The force that can accomplish work.
Term
Energy Conversion
Definition
At the atomic level, when a chemical bond is broken or formed.
Term
Energy Conversion Efficiency
Definition
The degree of success in capturing energy by the ration of useful output of energy to the amount that we need to input.
Term
Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)
Definition
A process to harness more power from more places by drilling more deeply, pumping in fluid that cracks the rocks and becomes readily heated, and then drawing up the heated fluid.
Term
Entropy
Definition
Systems tend to move toward increasing disorder.
Term
Environmental Science
Definition
The broadest of scientific fields.
Term
Enzymes
Definition
protein molecules that catalyze, or promote, certain chemical reactions.
Term
Ethane
Definition
The adding of another carbon atom and two more atoms to methane form the next simplest hydrocarbon.
Term
Four Major Categories for Organic Compounds
Definition
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Term
Fumaroles
Definition
spouts of steam or other gases.
Term
Genes
Definition
Regions of DNA coding for particular proteins that perform a particular function.
Term
Geothermal Energy
Definition
From the Greed geo for Earth and therme for heat, is thermal energy from below Earths surface.
Term
Geothermal energy
Definition
Helps cut down on pollution, mitigate climate change, and help assure us long-lasting energy supplies into the future.
Term
Geothermal heating
Definition
Arises from the interplay of rock, water, and heat. It involves geology, chemistry, and energy, and it is a process that takes place on a large scale.
Term
Geothermal heating at the Geysers
Definition
The ongoing radioactive decay of elements such as uranium, potassium, and thorium deep within earth emits heat that travels slowly upward toward Earths surface, heating rock and water along the way and eventually being released to the atmosphere.
Term
Geysers
Definition
A location where hot water and steam spout out of the ground, forced up naturally by pressure (Engineers tapped into this energy source. The rocks deep underground get so hot that the water turns to steam, which can produce enough electricity to power nearly a million homes.
Term
Geysers Makeup
Definition
The geothermally heated water that rises up as steam is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, each of which is an element.
Term
Glucose C6H12O6
Definition
fuels living cells and serves as a building block for complex carbohydrates.
Term
Half-life
Definition
This is the rate at which radioisotopes decay, and the amount of time it takes for one-half the atoms to give off radiation and decay.
Term
Heat on Hydrogen Bonds
Definition
Heating weakens hydrogen bonds before it speeds molecular motion, so water can absorb a great deal of heat with only small changes in its temperature. This helps stabilize water bodies, organisms, and climate systems.
Term
Heterotrops
Definition
Organisms that gain their energy by feeding on other organisms.
Term
Hydrocarbons
Definition
Atoms of carbon and hydrogen. Fossil fuels and many petroleum products consist largely of hydrocarbons.
Term
Hydrogen and Hydroxide Ion
Definition
The product of hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations is always the same; as one increases, the other decreases.
Term
Hydrogen Gas
Definition
Two atoms of hydrogen share electrons equally as they bind together to form hydrogen gas, H2.
Term
Hydrogen Ion
Definition
H+
Term
Hydrothermal Vents
Definition
An area of the earth where hosts of entire communities of specialized organisms thrive in the extreme high-temperature, high-pressure conditions, such as gigantic clams, immense tubeworms, odd mussels; similarly shrimps, crabs, and fish can exist in seemingly hostile environment near scalding water that shoots out of tall chimneys of encrusted minerals.
Term
Ice Water Molecules
Definition
the molecules in ice are farther apart than in liquid water, so ice is less dense. This enables ice to float on water, insulating lakes and ponds and preventing them from freezing solid in winter.
Term
Ion Denotation
Definition
Ions are denoted by their elemental symbol followed by their ionic charge. Ca2+
Term
Ionic Compounds or Salts
Definition
The association between compounds in which the strength of attraction is sufficiently unequal, an electron may be transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
Term
Ions
Definition
The gaining or losing of electrons from the Atom, which then become electrically charged atoms or combinations of atoms.
Term
Isotopes
Definition
Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons, which have the same atomic number, yet different mass numbers, and denoted by their elemental symbol preceded by the mass number.
Term
Isotopes Denotation
Definition
Isotopes are denoted by their elemental symbol preceded by the mass number (i.e. 14C (carbon -14)
Term
James Watson, Frances Crick, Maurice Wilkins
Definition
They all shared the Nobel Peace Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962.
Term
Kinetic energy
Definition
Energy of motion, which can express itself as thermal energy, light energy, sound energy, or electrical energy; all which involve the movement of atoms, subatomic particles, molecules or objects.
Term
Large Hydrocarbons
Definition
The heavier hydrocarbons are liquids, whereas those containing over 20 carbon atoms are normally solids.
Term
Law of Conservation of Matter
Definition
Matter may be transformed from one type of substance into others, but it can not be created or destroyed.
Term
Light Reactions
Definition
Solar energy that is used to initiate a series of chemical reactions.
Term
Lower Entropy
Definition
Photosynthesis is an example of moving toward a state of lower entropy, and as such it requires a substantial input of outside energy.
Term
Macromolecules
Definition
Certain molecules that are chemically diverse compounds such as fats, oils, and waxes, that do not dissolve in water, and are macro because of their larger size.
Term
Major Solutions
Definition
Air in the atmosphere, ocean water, plant sap, petroleum, and metal alloys such as brass.
Term
Mass Number
Definition
this represents the combined number of protons and neutrons in the tom.
Term
Matter
Definition
All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space - solid, liquid, and gas alike. Matter is neither created nor destroyed. It is recycled endlessly.
Term
Mechanical Energy
Definition
Energy that may be stored in a compressed spring.
Term
Methane
Definition
The simplest hydrocarbon.
Term
Molecules
Definition
Atoms that bond together form molecules, combinations of two or more atoms.
Term
Neutrons
Definition
Particles that lack an electrical charge.
Term
Nuclear Energy
Definition
A potential energy that holds atomic nuclei together
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
direct the production of proteins.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
the center of the atom.
Term
Oceans Elements
Definition
The elements of the Oceans are:
Oxygen (O) 88.3%; Hydrogen (H), 11.0%; Chlorine (CI), 1.9%; Sodium (Na), 1.1%; Magnesium (Mg), 0.1%; Sulfur (S), 0.1%; Calcium (Ca, <0.1%; Potassium (K), <0.1%; Bromine (Br), <0.1%
Term
Oppositely Charged Ions
Definition
When the compounds in which the strength of attraction is sufficiently unequal, an electron may be transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
Term
Organic Compounds
Definition
Carbon atoms (and generally hydrogen atoms) joined by bonds, and they may also include other elements, such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
Term
Organisms Elements
Definition
Oxygen (O), 65.0%; Carbon (C(), 18.5%; Hydrogen (H), 9.5%; Nitrogen (N), 3.3%; Calcium (Ca), 1.5%; Phosphorus (P), 1.0%; Potassium (K), 0.4%; Sulfur (S), 0.3%; Other, 0.5%
Term
Periodic Table of the Elements
Definition
A table that organizes the elements according to their chemical properties and behavior.
Term
pH Scale
Definition
This scale quantifies the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. It runs from 0 to 14
Term
pH Scale Increments
Definition
Every increment on the pH scale indicates 10 times as many hydrogen ions as a substance with pH of 7. 7 being neutral.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
A process whereby autotrophs turn light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
6CO2 + 12H20 + Solar Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20
Term
Photosynthesis Process
Definition
The sunlight powers a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, transforming diffuse energy from the sun into concentrated energy the organism can use.
Term
Plastics
Definition
synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, and polystyrene; Nylon, Teflon, Kevlar
Term
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Definition
PAHs can evaporate from spilled oil and gasoline and can mix with water, putting the eggs and young of fish and other aquatic creatures at risk.
Term
Polymers
Definition
When carbon atoms bond together in long chains, the resulting molecule is a polymer.
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
Energy of position
Term
Principle of Environmental Science
Definition
Helps us understand that the amount of matter stays constant as it is recycled in nutrient cycles and ecosystems.
Term
Proteins
Definition
Proteins serve various functions; some help produce tissues and provide structural support, such as to generate skin, hair, muscles, and tendons. Other proteins help generate energy, some transport substances; some act in the immune system to defend against foreign attackers; other proteins are hormones that act as chemical messengers with an organism.
Term
Pure Water pH Value
Definition
Pure water has the pH value of 7. solutions with pH less than 7 are acidic and those with pH greater are basic.
Term
Radioactive
Definition
Some isotopes are radioactive and "decay", change in their chemical identity as they shed subatomic particles and emit high-energy radiation.
Term
Radioisotopes
Definition
Radioisotopes decay into a lighter and lighter radioisotopes, until they become stable isotopes.
Term
Renewable Energy Sources
Definition
Renewable energy is being investigated, using the sun, the wind, waves and geothermal energy.
Term
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Definition
Usually a single stranded nucleic acid composed of four nucleotides, each that contains a sugar (ribos) a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. RNA also carries hereditary information for living organisms and is responsible for passing traits from parents to offspring.
Term
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
The nature of energy will change from a more ordered state to a less-ordered state, as long as no force counteracts this tendency.
Term
Silicon
Definition
An element that is especially abundant on our planet (Earths crust)
Term
Single Element Molecules
Definition
Hydrogen (H2) and Oxygen (O2), each of which exists as a gas at room temperature.
Term
Small Hydrocarbons
Definition
the smallest hydrocarbon are those that consist of four or fewer carbon atoms, and exist in a gaseous state at moderate temperatures and pressures.
Term
Solar Energy
Definition
drives winds, ocean currents, weather, and climate patterns.
Term
Solutions
Definition
elements, molecules, and compounds coming together in mixtures without chemically bonding or reacting.
Term
Stable Isotopes
Definition
Isotopes that are not radioactive.
Term
Table Salt
Definition
Ionic bonds between positively charged sodium ions (Na+, each of which donated an electron, and negatively charged chloride ions (C1-), each of which received an electron.
Term
The 1st Law of Thermodynamics.
Definition
Energy can not be created or destroyed, although it can change from one form to another (transformed), but the total amount remains the same. Energy is conserved.
Term
types of energy
Definition
Kinetic and potential
Term
Uranium-235
Definition
decays into a series of daughter isotopes, eventually forming lead-207 (207Pb), and has a half-life of about 700 million years.
Term
Water
Definition
Water is a compound composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, and is denoted as H20
Term
Water Molecules
Definition
Water molecules have a partial negative charge at its oxygen end and a partial positive charge at its hydrogen end. This composition allows water molecules to adhere to one another in a type of weakly attractive integration called a hydrogen bond.
Term
Water Molecules
Definition
Water molecules bond well with ions and other partially charged molecules, so water can hold in solution, or dissolve, many other molecules, including chemicals vital for life.
Term
William Bell Elliot
Definition
He found "the ruins of a recently burned city and the gates of hell, the Geysers
Term
4 Lightest Elements
Definition
The big bang formed only the four lightest elements, Hydrogen, Helium, trace amounts of lithium, and beryllium
Term
Content of the Universe
Definition
99% of the universe is composed of Hydrogen and Helium.
Term
3 States of Matter
Definition
Matter or material substances can exist in three interchangeable states: solid, liquid, or gas.
Term
Creation of Matter
Definition
Almost all of the matter in the universe has been created in the centers of stars.
Term
Matter 4 Basic Ingredients
Definition
Ancient Greek philosophers thought that the great variety of matter arose from Air, Water, Fire, Earth.
Term
Democritus
Definition
5th century BC, Democritus argued that substances can be separated into a smallest pice "atomon" which became the word "adom" that we use today.
Term
John Dalton
Definition
He found that most substances couuld be broken down into another, but a few could not be broken down, Gold, Sulfur, Iron. These substances he called Elements.
Term
96% of Living Organisms
Definition
96% of living organism include Oxygen (O), Cargon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N)
Term
Building Blocks of Earth & Life
Definition
Atoms, molecules, and compounds are the building blocks of earth & life.
Term
Elements Denotation
Definition
Each element has a name, which is represented by a one or two letter abbreviation.
Term
Atoms
Definition
Atoms are made up of 3 types of smaller particals called sub-atomic particals: Protons, Neutron, Electrons.
Term
The Center of The Atom
Definition
Progons and neutrons are found at the center of the Atom.
Term
Electrons
Definition
Electrons orbit the neutrons and protons near the speed of light.
Term
Atoms Differentiation
Definition
we differentiate atoms by their subatomic particles.
Term
Hydrogen
Definition
Hydrogen has 1 proton and 1 electron
Term
Calcium
Definition
Calcium has 20 protrons, 20 neutrons and 20 electrons.
Term
The Neucleus
Definition
The neucleus of the atom contains 99% of the atoms mass and carries a positive charge.
Term
Protons
Definition
Protons have a positive charge and determines how the element will behave, therefore each element is defined by its number of protons.
Term
Atoms Classification
Definition
Atoms are classified by their atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.
Term
Neutrons
Definition
Neutrons have no electrical charge, have little effect on how the atom acts or its structure, yet holds the nucleus together.
Term
Electrical Neutraility
Definition
the number of electrons must equal the number of protons to maintain electrical neutrality.
Term
Composition of Matter
Definition
All matter is composed of tiny, moving particles, separated by space, abnd held together by energy.
Term
Atomic number
Definition
Each element has a characteristic number of protons.
Term
Atomic Mass
Definition
Is the sum of the protons and neutrons in each nucleus.
Term
Isotopes
Definition
Forms of a single element that differ in atomic mass are called isotopes.
Term
Radioactivity
Definition
A process where the nuclei spontaneously break apart (decay).
Term
Stable Isotopes
Definition
Some isotopes are radioactive and decay until they become non-radioactive.
Term
Periodic Table
Definition
Arranges elements according to atomic number and atomic weight, numbers increase from left to right.
Term
Dmitri Mendeleev
Definition
Made the first periodic table in 1869. He ordered the elements according to their atomic mass.
Term
Henry Moseley
Definition
took Mendeleevs table and rearragned the elements based on atomic number. This is the form used today.
Term
Elements
Definition
Make up molecules and compunds.
Term
Elements in the Table
Definition
Elements in the periodic table that occur in the same row have the same number of atomic orbitals (or shells, or energy levels).
Term
Molecule
Definition
A combination of two or more atoms
Term
Commonly Ocurring Molecules
Definition
molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen
Term
Compound
Definition
A molecule made up of two or more kinds of atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
Formed when one atom gives up an electron to another atom.
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
Formed when two or more atoms share electrons.
Term
Carbon
Definition
Carbon can form covalent bonds simultaneously with four other atoms, and can create complex structures (sugars, proteins, etc.)
Term
Water
Definition
Water makes up 60 to 70 percent of the weight of living organisms, medium in which all of life's chemical reactions occur, good electrical conductor, highest surfact tension of any common, natural liquid, wide temeperature range, expands wihen it crystallizes, high heat of vaporization, high specific heat.
Term
Water Molecules
Definition
Water molecules bond well with other polar molecules because the positive end of one molecule bonds readilty to the negative end of another.
Term
Solutions
Definition
Solutions = no chemical bonding, but is a mixture of substances (i.e. blood, oil)
Term
Universal Solvent
Definition
Water is the universal solvent bhecaqus it can dissolve so many chemicals, especially polar and ionic compounds.
Term
Seawater
Definition
holds sodium and chlorid ions, among other things.
Term
Oxidized
Definition
When an atom gives up (loses) one or more electrons, because it is very often oxygen that takes the electron (O) is common and highly reactive.
Term
Reduced
Definition
When an atom gains electrons
Term
Chemical Reactions
Definition
Chemical reactions necessary for life involve oxidation and reducgtion: oxidation of sugar and starch molecules is nhow you get energy from food.
Term
Acids
Definition
Compounds that readily release hydrogen itons (H+) in water; HCI (Hydrochloric acid) readily dissociates in water to form: hydrogen ions (H+) (gives up and electron) and chlorine ions (C1-) (gains an electron)
Term
Bases
Definition
Substances that readily take up hydrogen ions (H+) and release hydroxide ions (OH) in solution, also called alkaline substances.
Term
Organic Compounds
Definition
Organized around skeletons of carbon atoms arranged in rings or chains; include biomolecules, molecules, synthesized by living organisms.
Term
Inorganic Compounds
Definition
Lack carbon based bonds.
Term
4 Major Organic Compounds
Definition
Living things contain 4 major categories of organic compounds: lipds, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids.
Term
Polymers
Definition
A chemical compuond or mixture of compounds consisting of long chains of repeated molecules.
Term
Lipids
Definition
Chemmically divers group of compunds that do not disolve in water and are part of the hydrocarbons family: fats and oils, phosholipids, waxes, steroids
Term
Prokaryotic Cells
Definition
Independent cells that lack a nuclear envelope and lack a cell nucleus, such as bacteria and archea
Term
Eukaryotic Cells
Definition
Are often found in multicellular organisms, contain an outehr membrane of lipids and an inner fluid-filled chamber containing organelles.
Term
Organelles
Definition
Include ribosomes, which synthesis proteins, and mitochondria which help extrace energy from sugars and fats.
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
Single-celled cells lacking a membrane bound organelles and a nucleus. All bacteria are prokaryotes.
Term
Joule
Definition
(J) is the work done when one kilogram is accelerated at one meter per second per second.
Term
One Calorie
Definition
Can be measured as 4.184 J
Term
James Prescot Joule
Definition
The British scientist who the joule is named after.
Term
Calorie
Definition
is the amount of energy needed to heat one grame of pure water one degree celsius.
Term
Stored energy
Definition
Is potential energy.
Term
Kinetic energy
Definition
energy in motion
Term
Work
Definition
Related to kinetic energy. Work transfers energy from one object to another.
Term
System
Definition
Refers to the group of atoms, molecules or objects being studied.
Term
Surroundsings
Definition
The rest of the universe other than the system.
Term
Self-Contained
Definition
is a closed system.
Term
Open System
Definition
exihibits an exchange of energy with its surroundings.
Term
Entropy
Definition
A measure of disorder or randomness, and the tendency of all natural systems to move towards a state of increasing disorder.
Term
Low Quality energy
Definition
diffused, dispersed, or low in temperature, difficult to gather and use for productive purposes, example: heat stored in the oceans.
Term
High Quality Energy
Definition
Intense, concentraed, or high in temperature, useful in carrying out work, example: high-voltage electrical energy.
Term
Directional energy Flow
Definition
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, heat will never flow spontaneously from a cold to hot object, energy alwasys goes from a more useful form to a less useful form, and every isolated/closed system will become more disoreded with time.
Term
Heat
Definition
Heat is the least useful form of energy.
Term
Efficiency
Definition
The amount of work you get from an engine, divided by the amount of energy you put into it.
Term
Ordered System
Definition
One in which a number of objects are positioned in a regular predictable pattern. Some systems become more ordered, but only at the expense of more disorder elsewhere.
Term
Disordered System
Definition
Objects are randomly situated without any obvious pattern.
Term
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Definition
The range in which the sun emits radiation, and where visible light makes up only a small proportion of this energy.
Term
Incoming Solar Radiation
Definition
the mount of incoming solar radiation is 1,372 watts/m (squared) 1 watt = 1 J/sec
Term
Solar Radiation that Doesn't reach Earths surface
Definition
10% ultraviolet, 45% visible, 45% infrared
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Of the energy that reaches the earths surface, only certain wavelengths are used, maily red and blue light.
Term
Green Wavelengths
Definition
Most plants reflect green wavelengths
Term
ATP
Definition
Adenosine triphosphate a high energy, mobile molecule
Term
NADPH
Definition
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate a high energy molecule that help drive reactions in the Calvin cycle, in which carbon dioxide is used to produce sugars.
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