Term
| The formation of the earth was ____________________ years ago. |
|
Definition
| ________~4.6 billion___________ |
|
|
Term
Earth’s first atmosphere was composed mainly of ___________________ and it dispersed
quickly due to a lack of _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of ________________ brought about the oceans. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The first fossils are known as ______________ which are “rocks” made up of layers of
__________________ and _____________. Other organisms probably came before these
fossilized bacteria because they obtained their energy though the process of
______________. |
|
Definition
| stromatolites.....fossilized, prokaryotic-photosynthetic bacteria......sedimentary rocks (i.e. sand)....photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| The formation of life is said to be tied with _____________________. |
|
Definition
| the formation of the seas |
|
|
Term
The cell theory, developed by___________________ states that all cells come from the
___________________________. |
|
Definition
| Louis Pasteur......reproduction of existing cells |
|
|
Term
According to Hadlen and Oparin, earth’s early atmosphere had the ability to convert
_______ compounds into ______________ molecules, which form the basis of life.
_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_________________, ___________________, and ___________________ are required for
on organism to be living. |
|
Definition
| membranse......ability to metabolize....the ability to reproduce |
|
|
Term
________________ is the idea that complex systems and patters arise out of multiple,
relatively simple interactions. This idea gave trise to the hypothesis that life originated by
_______________________. |
|
Definition
| Emergence.....chemical evolution |
|
|
Term
| Describe the three hyphotheses that explained how life originated. |
|
Definition
Prebiotic soup: atmospheric conditions + lightening or UV radiation converted inorganic molecules into organic molecules
pansermia: organic molecules were made in outer space and deposited on earth by extraterrestrial objects hitting earth (i.e. meteorites)
hydrothermal vents: The conditions near these vents are capable of forming organic molecules from inorganic molecules—thus, life originated ~1000 feet below the ocean at hydrothermal vents. |
|
|
Term
| The first macromolecules arose spontaneously through _______________ reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A ___________ is a collection of organic molecules that and were surrounded by a
_____________. The organic molecules captured within the membrane were able to
__________________. However they were to able to _______ ________. |
|
Definition
| protobiont....lipid membrane....perform metabolism.....reproduce |
|
|
Term
More complex organisms were created once prokaryotes added ___________ to earth’s
atmosphere. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The _______________ not only takes the sequence of fossils into account but it also gives a
time frame to those fossils by using ______________ to determine the age or the fossils. |
|
Definition
| geologic record......radioactive dating |
|
|
Term
In the geologic record, eras are separated by evolutionary events such as ________________
and _____________________. |
|
Definition
| mass extinctions......large adaptive radiation event |
|
|
Term
| ____________________ ended the Paleozoic era and killed off 75% of the species on earth. |
|
Definition
| The Permian Mass Extinction |
|
|
Term
| ____________________ affects the distribution or organisms across the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sort of impact on evolution could the formation and breakup of Pangea have? |
|
Definition
Formation: plate movement brought all of the landmasses together
Impact on evolution: species that had been evolving separately were brought into the same area and forced to compete
Where the landmasses fused, habitats were altered (formation of lakes or changes in coastline)
Ultimately, this caused many extinctions (Permian mass extinction) that were followed by adaptive radiation events
Breakup: as the landmasses broke apart, species and populations became geographically isolated.
Impact on evolution: Allowed for a new distribution and diversification of organisms |
|
|
Term
| After a tectonic event, why do new species and diversity of species emerge? |
|
Definition
| Tectonic events cause massive destruction. After these events, there aree numerous ecological roles that are available for new organisms to fill (roles left by the organisms that were killed off after the tectonic event. |
|
|
Term
Scientists believe that the _______________ mass extinction occurred as a result of an
asteroid that hit earth. Why? |
|
Definition
| cretaceous.......There is a layer of iridium in fossil record up to 1000s of miles away from point of impact. Iridium is very rare on earch but very common in meterorites/asteroids. This large range of dust implies that there were large reaching effects of this asteroid hitting earth |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Radiation in one group can trigger radiation in another group. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Genes that regulate the rate, timing, and where things are located during the development of
a zygote into an adult are known as ______________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two things can mutation change? |
|
Definition
The meaning of a gene by changing the base sequence
The expression of a gene in a diff tissue or for a diff amount of time |
|
|
Term
_______________________ is the term used to describe when the adult form of an organism
keeps traits from early in their development. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A group of genes that organize embryonic development are known as __________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How were vertebrates formed? |
|
Definition
HGs were duplicated at some point during evolution
These copies were mutated at some point so that they were expressed differently
This differential expression lead to the specialization of certain cells into vertebrae |
|
|
Term
A new structures that develop over many generations is known as a(n)
_________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two hypotheses for how evolutionary novelties arise? |
|
Definition
Gradual refinement: complex structures evolve in small increments (gradually)
Complex structures come fromn simpler ones that became more specialized over time
Gradual adaptation: existing structures gradually take over new functions. No new structure is made. No specialization occurs. Parts that already existed just changed function |
|
|
Term
A(n) _____________ is a structure that just changed function its function NOT its structure
in response to a changing environment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False: Evolutionary trendsthat produce the lowest number of speciations tend
to survive. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
___________________ studies how species and populations are related to each other in
evolutionary terms (In general terms, diversity). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between homologous structures and analogous structures? |
|
Definition
| homologous structures......molecular sequences (DNA sequence |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Organisms with similar structure are always related to one another |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Analogous structures arise due to __________________ evolution. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In taxonomy, _______________re the different levels that organism can fall under called
(i.e. kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A(n) __________________ is a visual representation of a hypothesis of evolutionary
relationships (visually shows common ancestors and the new species the came from them) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One ancestral species and all of its decedents is known as a ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cladistics groups organisms with ___________________________ in to groups organisms
known as ________________. |
|
Definition
| shared derived characteristics |
|
|
Term
| True or false: Ingroups and outgroups share a common ancestor and traits. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
________________ is using the information you are given and arriving at the simplest
conclusion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ groups organisms with similar molecular sequences into _____________. |
|
Definition
| Molecular systematics....clades |
|
|
Term
| When would molecular systematic be more helpful in classifying organisms than cladistics. |
|
Definition
| When the shared derived characters cannot be seen (no morphological similarities), you can compare molecular sequences between species. Those species with the more similar sequences are more closely related. |
|
|
Term
True or False: After the 3 domains were formed, their separate genetic information was
never intermixed again. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A _____________ is a disease casing agent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For a prokaryote, the ___________ is used to adhere to substrates or other bacterial cells in a
colony. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are ______ domains. _______ domain is/are prokaryotes and ______ is/are eukaryotes. |
|
Definition
|
|
