Term
True or false
Endocrine and exocrine glands are derived from epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Exocrine glans includes ducts for the creted product to enter the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
A CHANGE IN THE MEMBRANCE FROM -110Mv TO -70Mv IS CALLED HYPERPOLARIZATION. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
A change in membrane potiental from -50mV to-70mV is called repolarization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Opening calcium channels will cause membrane potiental to depolarize. Assume the cell is starting at the resting membrane potiental |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Closing potassium channels will cause membrane potiental to depolarize. Assume the cell is starting at the resting membrane potiental |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Closing sodium channels will cause the membrane potiental to hyperpolarize. Assume the cell is starting at the resting membrane potiental. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
A decrease in extracellular K+ will result in decreased neuronal excitability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
All neurons are myelinated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Voltage gated K+ channels are involved in stimulating insulin release by beta cells when extracellular glucose levels are high |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Entrance of Calcium into the synaptic terminal is what causes exocytosis of neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Secondary active transporters can be uniporters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
Transporters of glucose into the cell by the GLUT transporter would be reduced in the presence of galactose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
The acetylcholine receptor found on the cell body of neurons is an example of a ligand gated channel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe homeostatis and how it is maintained. |
|
Definition
Homeostatis: How the bosy maintains a relatively stable internal enviroment despite changes in the external enviroment.
1). Change in external enviroment->receptors->afferent pathways->nervous systems->efferent pathways->effectors->reponse
2). Change in external enviroment_>receptors->endocrine system (Hormones)-> efferent pathway->effectors->response |
|
|
Term
Which of the following transporters require the use of energy?
Na+/K+ Pump
GLUT transporter
Na+/Glucose symporter
Oxygen diffusion |
|
Definition
Na+/K+ pump
Na+/Glucose Symporter |
|
|
Term
| Which could allow a cell to accumulate a high concentration of a substance intracellularly? |
|
Definition
endocytosis
secondary active transport |
|
|
Term
| what would result in a decrease in simple diffusion of molecule X? |
|
Definition
| increasing the thickness of the membrane |
|
|
Term
| true regarding ion channels? |
|
Definition
| they open and close as a result of conformational changes of a membrane protein. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following cations are found in HIGHER concentrations OUTSIDE the cell versus inside?
K+
HCO-3
NA+
Ca2+
Cl- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 2 IV solutions that are isotonic? |
|
Definition
0.9% saline
5% dextrose in 0.9% saline |
|
|
Term
| List IV solutions that would result in an increase in intracellular volume? (hypotonic) |
|
Definition
5% dextrose in 0.45% saline
D5W
0.45% saline |
|
|
Term
| Can a solution be both isosmotic and hypertonic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range of extracellular osmolarity. Include units |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assume a cell has a membrane potiental of +25 mV, what direction (into or out of the cell) is the electrical gradient for K+? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assume a cell has a membrane potiental of +25 mV, what direction (into or out of the cell) is the chemical gradient for K+ (concentration) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define resting membrane potiental? |
|
Definition
| When a cell is at rest the difference in electric charge between inside and outside of the cell is a source of potiental energy (Non active) |
|
|
Term
| How do you know that someone has tapped your shoulder lightly compared to when they punch you in the shoulder? |
|
Definition
| If the graded potiental is larger then the membrane will be at or above threshold for longer allowing for more action potientals to be producing thus allowing more neurotransmitters to be released. |
|
|
Term
| What is the homestatic range for plasma pH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a specific location in the body that has a more acidic pH than plasma. Name it and give the specific pH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the plasma concentration of Ca2+? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a neuron is at rest give some true statements? |
|
Definition
The activation gate of the voltage-gated Na+ channel is closed.
The inactivation gate of the voltage-gated Na+ channel is open.
The membrane is more permeable to K+ channel is closed
Non-gated K+ channels are open. |
|
|
Term
| Which type of epithelial tissue would you find in the digestive tract? |
|
Definition
Simple columnar
Transporting epithelia |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the membrane proteins? |
|
Definition
receptors for neurotransmitters
form ion channels
participate in cell to cell junctions' |
|
|
Term
WHich of the following events are occuring during a relative refactory period?
A. Voltage gated Na+ channels are opening
B. Voltage -gated K+ channels are open |
|
Definition
| voltage -gated K+ channels are open |
|
|
Term
| What is lipoprotein function? |
|
Definition
| lipoprotein transports cholesterol and triglycerides |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of cholesterol |
|
Definition
| building block for production of cortisol and is a component of membranes |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are correct regarding cell-cell junctions?
___tight junctions are formed by cadherin and prevent movement of substances between adjacent cells
___adherens junctions are strong and connect the actin cytoskelton between adjacent cells.
___gap junctions allow for substances pass between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells through connexin channels
___both tight and adherns junctions are found among transporting epithelia |
|
Definition
___adherens junctions are strong and connect the actin cytoskelton between adjacent cells.
___gap junctions allow for substances pass between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells through connexin channels
___both tight and adherns junctions are found among transporting epithelia |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of microvilli? |
|
Definition
| increase surface area for absorption |
|
|
Term
| this muscle is both non-striated and involuntary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This cell type of connective tissue produces the matrix of connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is one feature and facilitated diffusion have in common? |
|
Definition
| spontaneous they don't require energy |
|
|
Term
| what are two features that distinguish facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion? |
|
Definition
Simple-no protein/facilitated uses a protein.
simple -more concentrated, more rate of absorption. Facilitated rate will |
|
|
Term
| A solution that contains 100mM CaCl2 and 150mM Glucose is considered_______osomotic and ______tonic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What body fluid compartments contain the least amount of proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what body fluid compartments contain the most water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range for body osmolarity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what factors dictate whether a substance can undergo simple diffussion? |
|
Definition
membrane surface area is larger
membrane is thinner
molecules size |
|
|
Term
true or False
The body is in osmotic equilibrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name two mechanisms that are utilized to gate ion channels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a secondary active antiporter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name another type of glial cell and indicate one role it plays in the body |
|
Definition
| oligodendrocytes-produces myelin in the centeral nervous system. |
|
|
Term
| this is the type of glial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or False
water content of the body increases with age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or False
a solution that is hyposmotic solution can be hypotonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or False
all cells in the body have a resting membrane potiental and can change their membrane potiental in response to signals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or False
changing the extracellular Na+ concentration (beyond the homostatic window) will cause resting membrane potiental to change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true or False
all connective tissue is composed of cells, fibers and ground substance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe characteristics of action potentials |
|
Definition
Due to the opening of ion channels
Can be carried over long distances |
|
|
Term
| describe graded potientals |
|
Definition
Can be summed.
Can be produced by all cells.
Due to the opening of ion channels.
No minimum required to intiate.
Are produced in cell bodies of neurons |
|
|
Term
| Sopie has lost 7.5 pounds due to a prolonged period of vomiting and diarrhea due to influenza. How much fluid would she need to recieve to replace the fluid lost from this illness? assume all weight lost is due to water. |
|
Definition
3.4 L
(7.5lbs/1) (1kg/2.2 lbs) (1L/1kg)=3.4 L |
|
|
Term
In which situation (A or B) would you get a greater net Na+ movement through an open channel?
a. Membrane potiental is -30mV
B. membrane potiental is +20mV |
|
Definition
| A-membrane potiental is -30mV |
|
|
Term
| Name one function of a integral membrane protein |
|
Definition
| Act as a channel to allow substances (ions) to pass through |
|
|
Term
| Name another funtion of an integral membrane protein |
|
Definition
| bind cell to adjacent cell by connecting to other proteins |
|
|
Term
| this organelle is found in muscle cells and stores calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these are the proteins that form tight junctions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the name of the region of the plasma membrane that faces the lumen of an organ (ex. the lumen of the intestine) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of cell-cell junction is formed by both transmembrane and peripheral membrane proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of cell-cell junction is found in cardiac muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transporting epithelia is a specific type of epithelial tissue |
|
Definition
| simple columar epithelial tissue |
|
|
Term
| name two locations in the body where you would find exchange epithelia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exchange epithelial is this specific type of epithelial tissue |
|
Definition
| simple squamous epithelial tissue |
|
|
Term
| these structures which are extensions of the plasma membrane increase the surface area of the cell that is exposed to the external enviroment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the type of epithelial tissue found lining the airways in the respiratory system |
|
Definition
| pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelial tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is one difference between exocrine and endocrine glands? |
|
Definition
| exocrine uses ducts and endocrine does not. |
|
|
Term
| this is the type of cell that produces the matrix of connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other than cells, what are the other components found in all types of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| ground substance and fibers |
|
|
Term
| what type of muscle is both striated and involuntary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name 2 specific types of connective tissue whrite both answers on the same line. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is one difference between simple and facilitated diffusion |
|
Definition
| the higher the concentration of a molecule the more simple diffusion will occur but facilitated will eventuallu plateau |
|
|
Term
| what body fluid compartment contains the most large anions and proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what body fluid compartment normally contains no large anions or proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name two substances that cross the membrane by simple diffusion |
|
Definition
| oxygen and carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| this type of glial cell produces myelin in the centeral nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
for each ion indicate where it is higher concentration (either inside or outside of cell) where it is higher concentration
A. HCO3-
B. Na+
C. K+
D. Cl- |
|
Definition
A. HCO3--Interstical
B. Na+ Intersticial
C. K+ Intracellular
d. CL- Interstical |
|
|
Term
| The cell is moving K+ from inside of the cell to outside the cell. Could the transport of K+ in this direction be occuring simple diffusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name a specific secondary active symporter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a specific primary active uniporter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a specific facilitated transsporter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a similarity between primary and secondary active transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
true/ false
The body is osmotic and chemical equilibrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True and False
The body is in electical equilibrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what body fluid compartment contains the most water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a specific intravenous solution that is both hyperosmotic and hypotonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name a specific intravenous solution that is both hyperosmotic and isotonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name a specific cell type that good at performing phagocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the equilibrium potiental for an ion which a=has extracellular concentration of 74 mM, intracellular concentrations of 148 mM and a charge of +2 |
|
Definition
-9.2 mV
Work: 61/2log {74}/{48} |
|
|
Term
| other than that they can be gated, name another property of ion channels |
|
Definition
| They can be gated, name another property of ion channels |
|
|
Term
| acetylcholine binds to a receptor which opens an ion channel. What mechanism of ion channel gating is described in this situation. |
|
Definition
|
|
