Term
What is Science?
List 7-11 characteristics |
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Definition
Rationalism + Empiricism = science
- has a fixed sest of procedures (scientific method)
-Set of attitudes:
1. Empiricism
2. Control
3. Precision & Accuracy (in observations & definitions)
4. Honesty
5. Skepticism
6. Curiosity
7. Publicness
8. Objectivity
9. Testable
10. Logical |
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Term
| What are the 3 goals of science? |
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Definition
1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain |
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Term
| What are the Descriptive Methods of Research? |
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Definition
Observational method:
- naturalistic vs laboritory observation
- observing human or animal behavior in their natural environment or in a more contrived/controled situation (usually laboratory)
- flexability to change what ur studying, but little control
Case-study method:
- in-depth study of one or more individuals
Survey Method:
- questionaire
- can study more pple & faster
- can be combined with other types too
problems w/descriptive methods: generalizability, how representative of the target population is it?
- this is particullarly a problem w/observational & case-study methods |
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Term
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Definition
- naturalistic vs laboritory observation
- observing human or animal behavior in their natural environment or in a more contrived/controled situation (usually laboratory)
- flexability to change what ur studying, but little control
one of the 3 descriptive methods
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Term
Case-study method
&
Survey Method: |
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Definition
Case-study method:
- in-depth study of one or more individuals
Survey Method:
- questionaire
- can study more pple & faster
- can be combined with other types too
2 or the 3 descriptive research methods
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Term
| Predictive (relational) Methods |
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Definition
used to describe behaviors & predict from one variable to another.... no control
Correlational method:
- asses the degree of relationship between 2 variables
- correlation does NOT imply causation; just means that 2 variables are related in some way
- pos & neg correlation
Quiasi-experimantal method:
- compares naturally occuring groups of individuals
- subjects come as they are, cannot manipulate variable of interest
- subject/particibant variable - characteristic inherent in participant cannot be changed....
predictive methods lack control, can be used 2 predict behavior, but can't determine causation/ causal connection/explination
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Term
Correlational method:
Positive vs Negative |
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Definition
- asses the degree of relationship between 2 variables
- correlation does NOT imply causation; just means that 2 variables are related in some way
- pos & neg correlation
Positive correlation/relationship:
- as one variable (ex:height) increases, second variable (ex: weight) increases
Negative correlation/relationship:
- as one variable (elevation) increases, the other (oxygen) decreases
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Term
Quiasi-experimantal method |
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Definition
Quiasi-experimantal method:
- compares naturally occuring groups of individuals
- subjects come as they are, cannot manipulate variable of interest
- subject/particibant variable - characteristic inherent in participant cannot be changed.... (gender)
- IV & DV, but IV is impossible to control
EX: if want to compare greek vs non-greek students; can't randomly assign people to each condition, have to observe and compare them as they come to you.
- can't determine causation, relationship could be due to other alternative explination(s) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Basic vs Applied research |
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Definition
Basic research: the study of psychological issues to seek knowledge for its own sake
Applied research: the study of psychological issues that have practical significance and potential solutions |
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