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Envir. Sci. Exam 1
Questions from Exam 1
55
Science
Undergraduate 3
11/18/2012

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Term
Q=AV determines what?
Definition
Discharge and the amount of water flowing past a point in the amount of time.
Term
Water Table
Definition
Is the boundary between the unsaturated and the saturated zone.
Term
P=R+ET+G, what does R stand for?
Definition
R stands for Runoff.
Term
A drainage basin refers to what?
Definition
The area that is drained by a river or stream system and a watershed.
Term
Montreal Protocol is what?
Definition
An international agreement that regulates CFC's and HCFC's.
Term
An aquifer pertains to what?
Definition
Subsurface hydrology.
Term
Movement of air within what atmospheric level is largely responsible of Earth's weather?
Definition
Troposphere
Term
What percentage of the Earth's water is considered fresh water?
Definition
2.5%
Term
After the radiation from the sun is absorbed into the Earth's surface, it is re-radiated back into the atmosphere as what?
Definition
Long wave radiation.
Term
The major role of the atmosphere is what?
Definition
That it controls the total amount of radiation the Earth receives, filters the radiation, and redistributes energy and acts as a transport system.
Term
Half of the radiation from the sun that reaches the earth is absorbed by what?
Definition
The greenhouse gases.
Term
An aquifer pertains to what?
Definition
Subsurface hydrology.
Term
What is true of rocks, mafic rocks, felsic rocks, and the composition of the Earth's inner core?
Definition
Rocks are composed of minerals, mafic rocks are less dense than felsic rocks, and Earth's inner core is primarily composed of iron, and nickle alloy that is located between the solid and liquid interface of theEarth's core.
Term
Ecological economics.
Definition
A developing school of economics that applies the principles of ecology and systems thinking to the description and analysis of economies.
Term
What rocks are generally has the highest density?
Definition
Ultramafic rocks.
Term
As altitude increases above the Earth's surface, it flips between increasing and decreasing in clearly defined zones. The atmosphere can redistribute solar radiation in what three ways?
Definition
Absorption, scattering, and reflection
Term
Montreal Protocol.
Definition
An international agreement that regulates CFC's and HCFC's.
Term
Highest to lowest altitude levels.
Definition
Thermosphere, mesophere, stratosphere, trophosphere.
Term
Geochemical cycle
Definition
The physical flow of matter and energy through differing states of an environment through differing states of an environment that does not include life.
Term
Mountain root
Definition
Where the continental crust is thicker under the mountains, Appalachian Mountains.
Term
Surface ocean currents are predominantly driven by what?
Definition
Prevailing surface winds.
Term
Metamorphic rocks are formed by the application of what?
Definition
Sensible heat and pressure.
Term
Drainage basins are defined by what?
Definition
Topography.
Term
Preservation ethic suggest what?
Definition
That the natural environment should be protected and maintained in a pristine, unaltered state.
Term
Kyoto Protocol
Definition
Is to reduce greenhouse gases; not yet successful.
Term
Pacific northwest mountain range of the US was formed by what?
Definition
A collision of oceanic crust under continental crust, subduction.
Term
IPCC
Definition
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, mission is to assess and synthesize scientific research on global climate change and to offer guidance to the world's policymakers.
Term
Rachel Carson's book.
Definition
Silent Spring, speaks of the negative health and ecological effects of DDT.
Term
One of the consequences of ozone layer depletion is what?
Definition
Mutations in DNA.
Term
If the relative humidity is 100% and the temperature drops the water vapor in the air must do what?
Definition
Condense.
Term
The greenhouse effect occurs when the molecules of atmospheric gases, such as CO2, does what?
Definition
Traps long-wave radiation.
Term
Perchlorate contaminate is a component of what? a superfund problem where, and was detected in the drinking water of of where?
Definition
Rocket fuel,southern California, Hills ,Iowa.
Term
The scientific method is based on what?
Definition
Testing hypotheses that are built on observations.
Term
A flashy hydrograph often can represent or reflect a relatively fast response due to what?
Definition
The lack of significant vegetation.
Term
Intrusion and formation of igneous rock represents what?
Definition
The highest level of disturbance that can occur within a landscape.
Term
Early Earth's atmosphere, 4.5 billion years ago, was largely lacking in what?
Definition
Oxygen.
Term
Mirrar clan in Australia opposed development of a what?
Definition
Uranium mine.
Term
On average, average, average, the atmospheric pressure at the north and south pole is what?
Definition
Higher at the north pole than at the equator, lower at the south pole than at the equator.
Term
Sustainable development.
Definition
Development that satisfies our current needs without compromising the future availability of natural resources or our future quality of life.
Term
The highest percentage of solar radiation that is reflected away from the Earth by what?
Definition
Clouds.
Term
Meridional transfer mechanism does what?
Definition
Helps to restore the energy balance for the Earth's atmosphere system.
Term
A Biocentrist is what?
Definition
One who considers all living thing, human and otherwise, and evaluates environmental actions in terms of their overall impact on living things.
Term
Density stratification can account for what?
Definition
The distribution of gases in the atmosphere, structure of the Earth, the structure of the ocean.
Term
CGCM's connect the interactions between what?
Definition
The land and ocean to how they influence atmospheric circulation patterns.
Term
The 3rd wave of US environmental policy that began in the mid 20th century has focused primarily on which issue?
Definition
Pollution.
Term
ALdo Leopold wrote the essay titled what?
Definition
Land Ethic.
Term
The designation of Yellowstone was the result of what?
Definition
The 2nd wave of US environmental policy in the late 1800's.
Term
The flame smoldered because there was no what?
Definition
No gravity to cause the less dense hot gases to rise, which is necessary to allow oxygen to reach the flame.
Term
What country is in the process of withdrawing from Kyoto protocol?
Definition
Canada.
Term
Metamorphic Belt
Definition
A belt of metamorphic rock that was formed by great heat and/or pressure that reshapes crystals within the rock and changes its appearance and physical properties, marble and slate.
Term
The transmission of energy, and heat, by the means of electromagnetic waves is known as?
Definition
Radiation.
Term
On average, which latitudinal location has the greatest surplus of solar radiation?
Definition
0 (at the equator).
Term
The burning of forest is considered to be on of the major sources of what?
Definition
Carbon in the biogeochemical cycle.
Term
The hydrologic cycle is a complex series of interchanges of water involving what?
Definition
Oceans, atmosphere, and land areas.
Term
Temperature is the most important factor in determining what two characters of electromagnetic energy emitted by an object.
Definition
Intensity and type(of wavelength).
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