Term
| What is the purpose of normal glomerular function? |
|
Definition
-create an ultrafiltreat of plasme
-simultaneously filters small molecules and retains larger molecules |
|
|
Term
| What is the cut off for molecular size being retained by the glomeruli? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Based of what do the vascular endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes of epi cells filter molecules? |
|
Definition
-vascular endo: size
-basement membrane: charge
-epi cells of podocytes: sie |
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Term
| How does sublethal glomerular injury affect glomerular filtration? |
|
Definition
-loss of filtration selectivity
-nephron still viable |
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Term
| How does lethal glomerular injury affect glomerular filtration? |
|
Definition
-nephron is non-viable and all filtration lost
-dec GFR
-azotemia if sufficient nephrons affected |
|
|
Term
| What are the general limitations of initial detection of proteinuria? |
|
Definition
-semiquantitative
-errors in reading
-false positives
-variability with USG |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the causes of proteinuria? |
|
Definition
-UTI
-hemoglobin, myoglobin
-physiologic proteinuria
-hyperproteinemia (overload proteinuria)
-false positives on dipstick (alkaline urine) |
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|
Term
| What is the significance of a quantified protein:creatinine ratio? |
|
Definition
| -greater than 1 ratio is abnormal and shows kidney issues |
|
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Term
| True or False: Protein:Creatinine ratio is significant only with a glomerular proteinuria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein can be added to the urine whenever there is...? |
|
Definition
-blood in the urine: grossly red
-inflammation: WBC in sediment |
|
|
Term
| Describe the possible progression of glomerular dz. |
|
Definition
| -proteinuria => azotemia => renal failure w/ inc severity of dz |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages of quantifying proteinuria via protein:creatinine ratio? Disadvantages? |
|
Definition
-A: eliminates necessity for having USG, gets rid of false-positives
-D: can only do if you now the proteinuria is due to glomerular issues |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis behind glomerulonephritis. |
|
Definition
| -circulating immune complexes: trapped in glomerular BM |
|
|
Term
| What are the results of glomerulonephritis? |
|
Definition
-complement activation
-influx of inflammatory cells in glomerulus (not in urine)
-coagulation system |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major causes of the immune complexes found w/ GN? |
|
Definition
-chronic inflammatory or infectious processes
-neoplastic causes |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of anyloidosis? |
|
Definition
| -protein deposits in many tissues: glomeruli is a classic site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -A confomration, not a specific protein |
|
|
Term
| What are the common sites of amyloid deposition? |
|
Definition
-gomerulus in most cases
-medulla: w/ familial dz in Abyssinian cats, Shar Pei |
|
|
Term
| How do we differentiate GN vs Amyloidosis? |
|
Definition
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