Term
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Definition
-efforts, programs, or interventions to exclude introduction of disease agents
-may be directed at a specific disease or all disease
-no impact on endemic disease |
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Term
| Definition: Biocontainment |
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Definition
| -measures that reduce the spread of disease on an operation and from one operation to another |
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Term
| Definition: Biological risk management |
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Definition
| -evaluation of risk and implementation of measures to limit potential disease introduction and transmission to acceptable level |
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Term
| What are the 3 levels of implementation of biosecurity? |
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Definition
-federal, state, local: regulations and voluntary efforts
-farm, operation, or clinic
-division of operation or clinic: isolation facilities, by population |
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Term
| What are the 3 possible approaches to disease control? |
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Definition
-symptom-specific
-agent/disease-specific
-by route of transmission |
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Term
| Describe the sensitivity and specificity of symtpom-specific approach to biosecurity. |
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Definition
-moderate to good sensitivity
-poor specificity |
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Term
| Describe the sensitivity and specificity of an agent/disease specific approach to biosecurity. Requirements? |
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Definition
-sensitivity and specificity depend on testing methods
-require microbiological confirmation
-only truly useful if results are available prior to admission/ purchase
-effectiveness as sentinel is unknown |
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of route of transmission approach to biosecurity? |
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Definition
-Advantages: broadly applicable, easily understood by personnel, offer more discrete points of intervention
-Disadvantages: less epmirical evidence for recommendationsL still based upon speciic pathogen |
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Term
| What are the possible routes of transmission? |
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Definition
-aerosol: clos contact of resp droplets
-oral: consumption in feed, water, or contaminated objects
-direct contact: may require mucous membrane or wound to enter or may infect skin (venereal)
-fomite: inanimate object can transmit
-vector borne: may be mechanical or biological |
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Term
| Risk management is based on what 3 things? |
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Definition
-risk perception
-risk tolerance
-risk assessment |
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Term
| Why do we limit the number of suggestions in risk management? |
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Definition
-do not demoralize
-do not overwhelm |
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Term
| What guidelines do we keep in mind when prioritizing actions for a new risk management plan? |
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Definition
-easy to implement AND maintain
-inexpensive
-yield rewards |
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Term
| What are the three primary concerns in risk communication? |
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Definition
-must include all relevant parties: decision makers and action takers
-must effectively target relevant parties: significance, specific recommendations, means of measruing efficacy
-must be two-way streat: provide opportunity for input |
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Term
| What are the 3 primary parts of a hospital are we concerned with in regards to BRM? |
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Definition
-hospital layout: arrangement of facilities, ventilation
-animal flow and housing: patient, boarders, density
-people flow: employees, clients, deliveries |
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Term
| What are our concerns regarding disinfection & maintenance in BRM in vet clinic? |
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Definition
-clean gross debris first: wash and rinse while keeping caution about aerosol
-disinfect: adequate contact time, rinse, and leave vacant |
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Term
| How do we minimize zoonotic and nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
-wahs hands: reuglar soap and hand sanitizer
-wear gloves and other PPE
-establish order-of-care protocol: healthy, most susceptible first, and most contagious last |
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Term
| What is important to do when you communicate zoonotic risk to the clent? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the BRM in an animal shelter similar to that in a clinic? |
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Definition
-high animal throughout
-mixing of sick and healthy animals
-risk of nosocomial infection
-risk of zoonotic transmission |
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Term
| How do we angle BRM in an ambulatory practice? |
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Definition
-routinely clean th evehicle
-designeated parking area-gravel or asphalt
-maximize use of disposable or client-owned
-disinfection of vet owned, non-disposable |
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Term
| How do we avoid being a fomite? |
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Definition
| -use PPE: gloves, boots, coveralls |
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Term
| What do we communicate to clients and farm employees regarding BRM in an ambulatory practice? |
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Definition
-zoontoic risks: immunocompromised
-routes of transmission
-training and re-training
-monitoring |
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