Term
| What does the host provide to the parasite? |
|
Definition
1. Space to live
2. Food
3. Protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relationship between 2 individuals ain the same species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relationship between 2 individuals of different species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 species compete for same resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One species kills and eats another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 organisms living in close association |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phoresis
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 symbiants traveling together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 symbiant benefits and the other is unaffected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 symbiant benefits and the other is negatively affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animal parasites are found in 3 goups |
|
Definition
Protozoa (Unicellular)
Helminths (Worms)
Arthropoda |
|
|
Term
| Helminths (worms) include |
|
Definition
Nematoda (Roundworms)
Trematoda (Flukes)
Cestoda (Tapeworms) |
|
|
Term
| Platyhelminths (Dorso-ventrally flat) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 organism gains access to the surface or internal tissues of another (little or no increase in numbers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 organism gains access to the surface or tissues of another and small increase in numbers (Small = 10-dozens) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 organism gains access to the surface or tissues of another and a huge (100's-millions) increase in numbers |
|
|
Term
| While a predator may participate in destructive consumption a parasite feeds by |
|
Definition
| Cropping (Eating little by little) |
|
|
Term
| While the nutrition provided by the victim is the whole body or selected tissues for predators, it is ____ for parasites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While a predator may be lethal to its victim |
|
Definition
| A parasite is rarely lethal |
|
|
Term
| While a predator may coexist with its prey, a parasite may live |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While a predator may be large or strong, a parasite is usually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While a predator may come in contact with its prey momentarily, a parasite |
|
Definition
| Comes in contact with its prey for a prolonged and/ or repeated amount of time |
|
|
Term
| While a predator may "herd" for protection, a parasite |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While a predator usually won't cause disease unless its related to stress, a parasite |
|
Definition
| Will often cause direct disease |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica |
|
Definition
1. Person ingests cyst in contaminated food or water
2. Travels to Ileum and excysts
3. Divides via binary fission and matures to Trop stage
4. Matures in mucosal crypts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Entamoeba histolytica dissolves mucosa to get at RBC's in capillaries for oxygen which causes the host irritation |
|
|
Term
| Pathophysioogy of an entamoeba histolytica infection |
|
Definition
Mucosal infiltrate
Ulceration in the cecum
Gall Bladder-like symptoms
Small flask ulcerations
Rare- Affects the heart and lungs
Very rare- Amoebic lung excess and histolysis of brain tissue |
|
|
Term
| Three stages of Entamoeba histolytica infection |
|
Definition
1. Noninvasive colonization
2. Intestinal disease (Diarrhea, dysentary)
3. Extra intestinal colonization (Break out to any other place in the body) |
|
|
Term
| Excystation of Enatamoeba histolytica occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trophozoite form of Enatamoeba histolytica occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metacyst of Enatamoeba histolytica occurs |
|
Definition
| Inside the ilium before the troph stage |
|
|
Term
| Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)signs and symptoms include |
|
Definition
Headaches
Stiff neck
Nausea
Vomitting
tiredness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organism enters via lungs and spreads to CNS. Slow and chronic onset that is mostly found in ICP's |
|
|
Term
| What may be found in patients with GAE? |
|
Definition
| Trophs found in CSF or brain plus cysts in the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorder of the eyes produced by off-label (prolonged) use of disposable contact lenses |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors of AK include |
|
Definition
Corneal foreign body
Contact with non-sterile water
Neurotrophic keratopathy
Herples simplex karatits
Radial kertomy
Off-label contact lens use |
|
|
Term
| Patients with AK present with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First discovered in 1681 by Leeuwenjoek in his stool. Called it pissabed
1859 Vilem Lambl calle it cercomonas intestinalis
1879 Kuntsler found giardia like organism and called it Giardia agilis
1915 Stiles found Giardia lamblia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infects the upper respiratory tract and may penetrate to liver and gall bladder. May cause irritation to mucosal lining. May need 5 or 6 stool specimen |
|
|
Term
| Giardia lamblia life cycle (Takes 6-8 hours) |
|
Definition
1. Person eats cyst
2. Excyst in the duodenu and divides via binary fission
3. Recyst before it reaches the rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mild diarrhea, anorexia, flatulence, decrease serum protein, gamma globulin, folic acid and fat soluble vitamins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non pathogen. Cyst looks like lemon drop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only intestinal flagellate with no cyst. Non pathogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the Gentro-urinary tract (Similar to trich. hominis) causes vaginal discharge, burning, itching in female. Often aymptomatic in males |
|
|
Term
| Best specimen for trich vaginalis |
|
Definition
| Urethral, vaginal, prostate, urine. Should be collected warm in 2-3% glucose with 0.87% Nacl |
|
|
Term
| Trichamonas tenax. (Trich buccalis) |
|
Definition
| Found in the tarter of teeth in the pyorrheal pockets and tonsilar crypts |
|
|
Term
| Trichamonas tenax spread via |
|
Definition
| Shared contaminated dished, drinking glasses, respiratory pathogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rare, tropical and temperate areas, not a pathogen |
|
|
Term
| Retortamonas intestinalis (also called Embadomonas spp) |
|
Definition
| Not common, only seen in tropical and temperate regions. Troph small with 2 anterior flagella and cytosome near nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Retortamonas intestinalis cyst |
|
Definition
| Smaller then troph has 1 large nucleolus. Contains "Bird's Beak fibrils" (piece left over from troph form) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cosmopolitan organism. Very resistant, possible pathogen. Considered ameboflagellate. Can live in mucosal crypts, ingest rbc's. Found in most mental health facilities and pediatric populations |
|
|
Term
| Dientamoeba fragilis symptoms |
|
Definition
| Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in tropical and temperatre regions, common in hogs and monkeys. Found in the lg intestine and cecum, eat bacteria, ingress organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Balantidium coli life cycle |
|
Definition
1. person eats it
2. excysts
3. Divides
4. Feeds on mucosal crypts
5.Encysts
5. Shit out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patients are asymptomatic or may have severe dysentary for weeks to months. Can penetrate tissue. Produces hyaluronidase |
|
|
Term
| Malaria related organisms (Falciparum organisms) are in the order and class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 80% of all Malaria cases are caused by the organism. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15% of all Malaria cases are caused by the organism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did malaria parasites originate? |
|
Definition
| Africa and fossils of mosquitos |
|
|
Term
| What are the vectors for Malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most pathogenic species of plasmodium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plasmodium life cycle (Exoerythytic shigonomy portion) |
|
Definition
1. Take bloodmeal from person and inject infective stage sporozoites into another human via the capillaries in the human peripheral CVS
2. Escape to liver within 40 mins
3. Invade pharyngeal cell |
|
|
Term
| Plasmodium life cycle after exoerythytic shigonomy |
|
Definition
1. Development continues to mature EES schizont
2. Once mature schizont ruptures, releasing merozoites into the blood that enter gametocytosis in the peripheral blood |
|
|
Term
| Merozoites have apex (front ends) and are said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proteases (Falciparum and chlamydia)
Pore-forming proteins (PFP's)
Unique methods (Toxoplasma gondii) |
|
|
Term
| Erythrocyte schizogony proceeds from |
|
Definition
Young troph-Applique forms, motile, contribute to early stippling
Immature schizont- 2 or more nuclei, more stippling and expanded cytoplasm
Mature schizont- Max stippling and a lot of endomitotic reduction division
Merozoites released |
|
|
Term
| Merozoites that enter RBC to begin the process of gametogenesis create |
|
Definition
Microgametocytes (Male)
Macrogametocytes (Female)
Which can be picked up by the mosquito in another blood meal |
|
|
Term
| What happens when ingested gametocytes begin sporogeny in a new mosquito? |
|
Definition
| Sporogeny begins in mosquito GIT, microgametocyte emerges from its ingest RBC s a motile sperm and fertilizes macrogametocyte. Zygote (Product of sperm and egg) form a sporozoite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develops from fertilized plasmodium ova. Matures via EMRD to sporozoites. Invades mosquito GIT epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Where must the sporozoite mature in the mosquito to enter the infective stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-motile and invades RBC's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Motile
Invades liver cells |
|
|
Term
| What can result due to cellular material buildup caused by malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Found in almost all endemic areas. Infected RBC's appear to be larger than non-infected RBC's. May have Schuffner's Dot
10-17 day inc period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PLas vivax symptoms include |
|
Definition
| Headache, photophobia, Musular aches, nausea, vomitting. |
|
|
Term
| Plasm vivax Primary attack stage |
|
Definition
| Primary attack followed by periodic paroxysms and sudden chills, hot stage, severe frontal headaches, backaches. Patient becomes excited flushed and disoriented |
|
|
Term
| Plasm vivax sweating stage |
|
Definition
| Profuse sweating, exhausted (sleeps 10-12 hours), feels fine upon awakening |
|
|
Term
| The effects of plasm vivax due to hemolysis and liberation of RBC metabolites. In vivax malaria only what cell is affected and what does this cause? |
|
Definition
Retics
Causes increased phagocytosis, hemolysis, spleen size and liver size
Malarial pigment may collect in the spleen |
|
|
Term
| For what type of malaria would it not be unusual to get thrombosis in the capillaries of the brain and why? |
|
Definition
Falciparum
Because of the antigen antibody complex |
|
|
Term
| Malaria serum chemistry results |
|
Definition
Decreased albumin and globulin
Increased potassium due to hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| Plas falciparum fever pattern |
|
Definition
Merezoites released= High fever
Schizogony = Temp fluctuates and then decreases
Merozoites released again = High temp |
|
|
Term
| Anemia due to malaria would cause |
|
Definition
| Microcytosis, hypochromia due to hemolysis by parasite, interference with hematopoiesis and capillary hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occurs during falciparum infection
Intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuremia.
Hemoglobin cysts and tubular epithelial cells in the urine (Pee is black) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Likely pathogens in certain situations |
|
|
Term
| Anoher name for Leishmanial stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anoher name for Leptomonad stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another name for Crithidial stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anoher name for Trypanosomal stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoflagelates replicate by |
|
Definition
| 3-step process that involves longitudinal fission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes African trypanosomiasis |
|
|
Term
| Trypanosoma brucei Life cycle for |
|
Definition
1.Take blood meal which contains trypanosomal stage.
2. Morphs into crithidial stage
3. Another fly takes blood meal with the organisms in the crithidial stage
4. Those organisms then molt into the trypanosomal stage |
|
|
Term
| Why does molting in the Tse tse fly occur? |
|
Definition
| Due to metabolic differences in teh GIT of the Tsetse fly vs the human CVS |
|
|
Term
| Vector for trypanosoma brucei |
|
Definition
Glossina palpalis (W)
Glossina mordisans (E)
"Tsetse Fly" |
|
|
Term
| Trypanosoma brucei inc period |
|
Definition
5-30 days
Trypanosomal stages in the patient's CVS
Blood smear pos
Parasitemia fluctuates
Trypanosomes invade the lymphatics and colonize the lymph nodes
Enlargement of the cervical LNS (Winterbottom's sign)
Increased lymph count
Increased IgM |
|
|
Term
| Syndrome phase of Trypanosoma brucei |
|
Definition
Trypanosomes invades the CNS
Apathy
Fatigability
Somnolence sleepy
Emaciation
Character changes
Paraplegia
Coma
Death |
|
|
Term
| What kind of specimen is appropriate late in the process for both Trypanoma species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example of how human error can increase parasites |
|
Definition
| Europeans teach Africans to burn grass at then end of growing season to return nitrogen to the soil quicker. Burning of the grass reduced ant population which is the predator of the Glossima pupae. Without ants the Glossima pupae increased. Europeans shot leopards who were the primary predators of antelope whose population increased. The increase in Antelope caused an increase in Glossima who were their primary food source. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Roundworms" Contain a plasmid (Olfactory organ), most are freelviing, important parasites of plants and about 80,000 are parasites to vertebrates.Found in warm region of the world. Females usually twice the size of males. |
|
|
Term
| General characteristics of Nematodes |
|
Definition
Oral opening
Anterior digestive tract
Muscular esophagus
Usually pale in color unless gravid female
Non-cellular (secreted) hard cuticle covering |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumen expanding to posterior bulb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male nematode characteristics |
|
Definition
| Males have a copulatory spicule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10-20cm. Found in Temperate and tropical regions |
|
|
Term
| What conditions may cause a 50% penetration rate? |
|
Definition
Indiscriminated defecation
Warmth (20-25 degrees Celsius)
Soil is clay or heavy loam
High humidity
Areas of poor sanitation often have 100% penetration |
|
|
Term
| A single infected ascaris lumbercoides host may have how many parasites a day? |
|
Definition
3-4 up to 1,000 parasites.
May produce 2-3 x 10^7 eggs/day/patient
Avg 2 x 10^5 eggs/day/female for 6 months-1 year |
|
|
Term
| Ascaris lumbercoides life cycle (Takes 2 1/2 months in hist. 2.5 weeks in the external environment) |
|
Definition
1. Person eats embryonated ovum
2. Larvae escapes covering and travels to small intestine, liver, cardiovascular system, lung, cardiovascular system
3. Then travels to pharynx where they stimulate nerve endings, are swallowed and enter the GI tract
4. Pooped out eventually |
|
|
Term
| Acaris eggs in feces require what? |
|
Definition
| Warm moist soil and a 5-8 degree decrease Celsius |
|
|
Term
| Male Ascaris lumbercoides have |
|
Definition
| Dorso flexion (Curved tail) |
|
|
Term
| Ascaris infections in children may cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adult Ascaris worm infection may cause |
|
Definition
| High worm burdens, Abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early on the patient is asymptomatic and may see Colic C in children, lactose indigestion in some
Lung phase of larval migration
Pulmonary symptoms include cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis (Hemorrage from 20mm diamter larvae in 10mm diameter alveolar capillaries) eosinosis pneumonitis, Loeffler's syndrome (also with increased IgG and IgM) |
|
|
Term
| Migrating adult Ascaris worms may cause |
|
Definition
| Symptomatic occlusion of the billiary tract, oral expulsion and rectal expulsion |
|
|
Term
| What is the tpyical microscopic procedure for identification of ascaris eggs in the stool? |
|
Definition
1. Collect stool specimen
2. Fix specimen in 10% formalin
3. Concentrate using the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique (Rictchre)
4. Examine a wet mount of the sediment |
|
|
Term
| What quantitative assessments can be used to identify ascaris eggs? |
|
Definition
Kato-kanz procedure
Larvae can be identified in sputum or gastric aspirate during pulmonary migration phase. Formalin fixed organisms for morphology. Adult worms passed in stooll |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common helminth in temperate regions, aided by close, crowded indoor living. 2.5mm x 0.2 mm (Male) 8-13mm (Female) Habitat is the end of the small intestine/cecum/ beginning of the colon |
|
|
Term
| Describe the egg laying process of enterobius vermicularis |
|
Definition
| Female migrates down the colon to the rectum and crosses through the anal sphincter late at night. In the mornin she deposits 10,000-15,000 eggs and then dies |
|
|
Term
| Enterobius vermicularis eggs can survive for how long. How long does it take for full embryonation? |
|
Definition
Eggs survive 2-4 weeks.
Embryonation takes 3-5 hours |
|
|
Term
| Enterobius vermicularis life cycle |
|
Definition
1. Person eats ovum
2. Larvae attach to end of small intestine and mature
3. Adult females migrate to periannal region late at night to lay eggs |
|
|
Term
| Enterobius vermicularis patho |
|
Definition
| Patient is asymptomatic, puritic (itchy), poor sleep, irritability |
|
|
Term
| Lab dizgnosis fo enterobius vermicularis includes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ancyclostoma duodenale (Old worm hookworm)
Necator Americanus (New world hookworm. came to America upon arrival of African slaves) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.Filariform larva (infective stage) penetrate skin by crawling up foot and cause allergic reation.
2. It ends up in the circulation where it may enter the CVS because of increased oxygen tension.
3. From the CVS it travels to lungs, trachea and pharnyx where it is swallowed.
4. Matures in small intestine
5. Eggs release in feces and mature in the soil to rhabditiform larvae, then they develop into filariform larvae |
|
|
Term
| When hookworms attach to the small intestine and suck blood. They may cause what? |
|
Definition
| Microcytic, normochromic anemia |
|
|
Term
| Hooworm rhabdidiform to filaria takes how long |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hooworm rhabdidiform compared to filariform |
|
Definition
| Rhabdidiform is shorter and more muscular while the filariform is longer and skinnier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L x W^2 (Allows for discrimination beetween hookworm eggs and Ter. derminutis eggs)
>170,000 u^3 = Ter. derminutis
<150,000 u^3 = Hookworm |
|
|
Term
| Some hookworm diagnosis methods |
|
Definition
Find ova in stool
Semi-quantitative
-Stoll count
Hookworm culture
-Baerman appartus |
|
|
Term
| Strongyloides stercoralis |
|
Definition
| Same as the hookworm but the Female larva is fertilized by the male larva in the lungs |
|
|
Term
| What is the only nematode that can survive its entire life cycle outside of the body? |
|
Definition
| Stronglyloides stercoralis |
|
|
Term
| Strongyloides stercoralis patho |
|
Definition
Asymptomatic, rash, symptoms of pneumonia, chrome diarrhea (up to 30 years)
Steatorrhoea, dehydration, low-grade fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Known as the "Whip worm" or "Hair tail"Present worldwide but most common in tropical areas |
|
|
Term
| Trichuris trichuria life cycle |
|
Definition
1. Ingest fully embryonated egg
2. Hatches and feeds in vila
3. Matures to adult in the ceum |
|
|
Term
| Trichuris trichuria patho |
|
Definition
Asymptomatic
Prolapse of the rectum
Anemia
Mild eosinophilia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes trichinosis. Known as the "trichina worm". Can be found encysted in the meat of pork, bear, walrus and others. |
|
|
Term
| Trichinella spiralis patho |
|
Definition
Adults may get cramps, diarrhea, muscle twitching/weakness
Larva entering the CVS may cause eosinophilia, and peri-orbilal edema. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Differ from most other neamtodes by using an arthropod vector. Adults live in the tissue of a vertebrate host
Female does not lay eggs but rather is viviparous in delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microfilaria develop in human CVS, then futher develop into the filariform in the vector. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribbon-like not nucleated to the very end of the organism |
|
|
Term
| Filariform male dies when what occurs? |
|
Definition
| After fertilization of the female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Filarids (found in the tropics) and Tissue worms (found in the Western Hemisphere) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brugia malayi
Wuchereria bruncofti
Mansonella ozzardi
Dipetalonema perstans
Loa loa |
|
|
Term
| Upper extremity elephantitis can be caused by which organisms |
|
Definition
Brugia malayi
Wucheria bancrfoti |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Onchocerca volvulus
Dipetalonema streptocerca |
|
|
Term
| Wuchereria bancrofti (Lower extremity problems) vectors include |
|
Definition
Ades spp
Culex spp
Anophales spp
Mansonia spp |
|
|
Term
| How many microfilaria must the vector pick up to continue an infection in another organism? |
|
Definition
More than 10
If he picks up more than 100 he dies |
|
|
Term
| Wuchereria bancrofti symptoms |
|
Definition
Tenderness
Swelling
Fever
Known as Munu |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adults found in peritoneal cavity or lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vector Biting Midge "Blackfly" |
|
|
Term
| Trematodes Class distinction |
|
Definition
Class Turbellaria
-most are free-living, no human parasites
Class Trematoda
-All are parasitic "flukes" |
|
|
Term
| Trematoda can be monogenea which means |
|
Definition
| They have 1 host and are ectoparasites of fish |
|
|
Term
| Trematoda can be digenea which means |
|
Definition
| They have 2 or more hosts and are ectoparasites of reptiles and birds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dorsoventrally flat, do not have coelom, have an incomplete digestive tract and most are hemaphroditic and self fertilizing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only medically significant trematode to not be hermaphroditic, thrive in ditches, cause problems at places such as the great dam at Aswan, Egypt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vectored planorbiadae (Snail family) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metacercaria form is encysted in fish muscle tissue. Clonorchis sinensis is endemic in Kore, China. Live in bilary ducts and the presence of adults can cause inflammationa and intermittent obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Clonorchis sinensis patho acute phase |
|
Definition
| Ab pain, nausea, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Clonorchis sinensis patho chronic infection |
|
Definition
Cholangitis
Cholelithiasis
Pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
| Opsithurcis/ clonorchis ultrasound will show |
|
Definition
| Multiple liver absesses and cystic or "mulberrry-like" dilations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diarrhea
Colicky ab pain
Migration of the eggs to extraintestinal sites such as the heart and brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Egypt, Middle East. Cause diarrhea and colicky ab pain |
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Term
| Heterophyes heterophyes life cycle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Tapeworms".Consist of a scolex (head) and a strobula (proglottid). All are hermaphroditic. Capable of self fertilization from one proglottid to the next |
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Term
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Definition
1. Person ingests organism which was encysted in the muscle tissue of fish.
2. Scolex attaches to small intestine and sucks in nutrients
3. Proglottids begin to form
4. Eggs formed in feces
5. Eggs embyryonate in the water
6. Coracidia hatch from eggs and are ingested by copapods
6. Larvae forms inside copapods
7. Fish eat copapod and plerocercoids form in the fish muscle. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Vinegar cup
-Rostellum with or without hooklets |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Cestode Female reproductive organs include |
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Definition
Ovary
Oocyte
Uterus
Uterie pore
Vagina |
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Term
| Cestode Male reproductive organs include |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fish tapeworms, broad tapeworms. Distinguishing features include the uteran pore and multiple genital pores. 2 "lip" type flaps with two sucers at the end of the scolex |
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Term
| Dibothriocephalus latus life cycle |
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Definition
1. Human ingests pleurocercoid which was encysted in muscle tissue of fish
2. Scolex attaches to intestine and matures to an adult
3. Unembryonated eggs passed in the feces
4. Once in water, eggs are embryonated and referred to as Hexacanth embryo or onchosphere
5. Matures into caracidium and is ingested by a copapod which is then eaten by a fish |
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Term
| Dibothriocephalus latus patho |
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Definition
Asymptomatic, B12 deficiency (if the scolex attaches to the proximal jejunum selectively absorbs B12
Patient will have pernicious anemia and spargenosis |
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Term
| Non-human (usually) species invades |
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Definition
| All human tissues and are "ectopic" and migrate to tissue into a sporganum. Often caused by applying tissue (frog, snake) to open wound |
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Term
| Lab diagnosis for Dibothriocephalus latus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata |
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Term
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Definition
Common in the U.S. comes from undercooked pork.
1. Intermediate host, 1 adult/Primary host. 4-7 metes. 1 per person. Rasied, armed rostellum |
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Term
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Definition
| "Beef tapeworm". Frequent in the U.S. 8-15 meters. Usually no more than 3 per patient. Stump rostellum. 6.0 x 10^8 ova/yr/scolex |
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Term
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Definition
1. Humans ingest scolex in pig/cow muscle tissue
2. Scolex attache to small intestine and matures to adults
3. Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed in feces into the environment.
4. Cows and pigs eat infected grass |
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Term
| Proglottids from taenia species can do what once they are in the GIT? |
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Definition
| Crawl out of the GIT, creep along the ground and disintegrate, spreading their eggs. |
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Term
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Definition
Asymptomatic
Vague ab pain
Hunger/drowsiness
Chronic indigestation |
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Term
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Definition
| Asymptomatic. Cysticercosis. Often called custocarcis boving. |
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Term
| Lad diagnosis of Taenia spp |
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Definition
| Find ova or proglottid in feces. Examine proglottid and use 10%EtOH slowkill to prevent the uterus from contracting |
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Term
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Definition
Causes hydatid cyst disease
Dog tapeworm
Larval stage (cyst) infects humans. Occurs in cattle, sheep and goat raising countries |
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Term
| Echinococcus granulosus life cycle |
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Definition
1. Eggs passed in dog feces
2. Ingested in humans and travel to small intestine
3. Lodge in the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| Rat parasite with a peach pit ova |
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Term
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Definition
| Rat parasite, patients are often asymptomtic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| General intestinal amoeba life cycle |
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Definition
1. Person eats infective cyst in contaminated food or water.
2. Cyst excysts in colon and reproduces asexually.
3. Infective cyst exits in formed stool, troph passes in liquid or soft stool and intestinal wall erosion (by ent. histolytica which leads to liver via the circulatory system and then to a hepatic abscess. |
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Term
| Leishmania spp life cycle |
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Definition
1. Sandfly bites human and regurgitates promastogote into the person.
2.Promastigota transforms into an amastigote and multiplies intracellularly. 3. Amastigote is then ingested by sand fly and transformaed into promastigote in the midgut of the fly. |
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Term
| Which organism has a safety pin fibril |
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Definition
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| Patient diagnosis process |
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Definition
1. Patient presents with signs, symptoms and appearance.
2. History and physical
3. Physician created Rule out List (Differential diagnosis)
4. Objective information. Orders lab tests, etc
5. Diagnosis
6. Therapy
7. Assessment of post treatment progress |
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Term
| Paragonumus westermani Life cycle |
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Definition
1 Person consumes metacercariae from inadequately cooked crustaceans
2. Excysts in duodenum
3. Entitiy develops into and adult fluke in the lungs
4. Expel organism in sputum or feces
5. Travels to water and embryonates. Hatches and penetrates.
Can be obtained by eating raw crabs or fish |
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Term
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Definition
Endemic to North America
Causes pain and severe coughing, hemoptysis |
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Term
| Fasciola (Found wherever sheep and cattle are raised) Life cycle |
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Definition
1. Eggs released in stool and become embryonated in the water.
2. Eggs release miracidia which invade a snail host
3. Parasite matures (sporocyst, rediae, cercariae
4. Cercariae escape from snail and encyst as metacercariae on aquatic vegetation.
5. Humans ingest the plants and the metacercariae excysts in the duodenum
6. Travel to the biliary ducts where they mature into an adult fluke |
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Term
| Localized dermatitis caused by what parasite |
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Definition
| Schistosoma cercarial penetration |
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Term
| Parasite first found in Egyptain mummies |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by metacercariae of schistosoma at skin penetration, causes petechial hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by schistosoma, causes katayama fever, looks like serum sickness, could cause hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia |
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Term
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Definition
| Can cause pulmonary issues |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial complications with mostly salmonella spp
Circulating immune complexes. |
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