Term
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Definition
| social, psychological, and biological aspects of aging |
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Term
| three most influential factors of human development |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 factors affecting growth and development |
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Definition
majority culture
contexts (ircumstances)
SES (socioeconomic status)
gender
ethnicity |
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Term
| quantitative vs qualitative research |
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Definition
quantitative- systematic empirical investigation by numerical data
qualitative- questionnaires, interviews, ethnographic research (living among study group) |
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Term
| human growth is predictable all the time, human development is predictable _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
data collected on single event
relationships between variables examined |
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Term
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Definition
same people followed over time
data collected on 2 or more events |
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Term
ancient conceptions of development
youth
adulthood
old age |
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Definition
youth- preparation
adulthood- experience
old age- wisdom and peace |
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Term
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Definition
-looks at predispositions evolved to promote survival
-genetics does matter |
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Term
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Definition
study of heredary forces on behavior
twin studies
IQ is nature
personality is nurture |
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Term
| freuds psychosexual theory |
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Definition
id-basis: pleasure principle
superego basis of conscience: restricts the id
ego basis of reality: mediator of the id and superego
infany- oral
toddlerhood- anal
early childhood- phallic (sexual desire for opposite sex parent)
middle childhood (desires suppressed)
adolescence (genital) |
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Term
who has the psychosocial theory?
what does it focus on? |
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Definition
erikson
social and cultural environment, stages throughout lifespan |
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Term
| what are the stages of eriksons psychosocial theory? |
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Definition
infany (0-1) trust vs mistrust
toddlerhood (18m-3) autonomy vs shame and doubt
early childhood (3-6) initiative vs guilt
mid childhood (6-12) industry vs inferiority
adolescence (12-20s) identity vs role confusion
young adulthood (30-40) intimacy vs isolation
middle adulthood(40-60) generatively vs stagnation
late adulthood (60+) ego integrity vs despair |
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Term
| what is piagets theory called? |
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Definition
stages of cognitive development
0-2 sensorimotor (object manip, beginning of language)
2-7 pre operational
8-12 concrete operational
12+ formal operational |
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Term
| what is brofenbrenner's theory? |
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Definition
ecological
micro system: immediate environment
mesosystem: interconnections
exosystems: social institutions
macrosystem: cultural beliefs
chronosystem: time |
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Term
| what is different about brofenbrenners theory>? |
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Definition
focuses on multiple influences shaping behavior and NOT stages
has a cultural emphasis, recognition of historical contexts, and children as active participants of their development |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| fertilization occurs during _____ after _____ enters the____ |
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Definition
| first 24 hours after ovum enters fallopian tube |
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Term
| what is a fertilized egg called |
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Definition
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Term
| within ____ the zygote is ready for first cell division |
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Definition
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Term
| the division of zygote (fertilized egg) continues every _____ as it travels for about ____ days down the fallopian tube |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens once the zygote passes into the uterus? |
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Definition
it sheds its outer wall and layers form
it becomes a blastocyst |
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Term
what is a blastocyst?
what is it formed from |
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Definition
a sphere of cells (about 100)
formed from zygote |
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Term
| what happens to the blastocyst? |
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Definition
it forms 2 layers
trophoblast
embryonic disk |
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Term
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Definition
| outer layer that forms protection and nourishment (skin, amniotic sac) |
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Term
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Definition
| will become embryo of new organism |
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Term
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Definition
| projections (villi) burrow into uterine wall and form placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| filters out toxins, brings in nourishment, protects infant from bacteria |
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Term
umbilical cord
what does it form from
what does it allow |
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Definition
| forms from placenta, allows nourishment, respiration, and elimination of waste |
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Term
embryonic stage
_______ period of development |
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Definition
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Term
| what forms first by week 3? |
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Definition
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Term
what forms after the circulatory system
what is it formed by |
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Definition
the neural tube (week 3-4)
ectoderm |
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Term
| what layers are formed from the embryonic disc at 3 weeks? |
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Definition
ectoderm- outer layer, skin etc and nervous system
mesoderm- middle, bones, muscles, reproductive, circulatory
endoderm- inner, digestive and respiratory |
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Term
| by week 8 embryo is size of ______ and _______ are _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
9 weeks to birth
-physical refinements
-massive growth
-growth occurs more slowly
- |
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Term
brain cells develop from ______ and migrate _____
cells _______ |
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Definition
neural tube and migrate upward
differentiate |
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Term
| brain doubles in size in month ____ to ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| by month _____ fetus shows signs of consciousness |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3 months 3 ounces 3 inches |
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Term
| genitals are formed by ____ month |
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Definition
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Term
we are ____ by default
we have _____ of sex organs (ducts) |
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Definition
female
2 sets mullein and wolffian |
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Term
female
gonads>>____
male
genital folds>>>____ |
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Definition
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Term
proximodistal
cephalocaudal
mass to specific |
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Definition
inside>out
head>toe
large structures>refinements |
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Term
| teratogens are most likely to cause structural damage in what stage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| higher exposure=higher risk |
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Term
down syndrome
*congenital heart abnormality |
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Definition
pair 21 extra chromosome
tetralogy of fallot |
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Term
huntingtons
recessive or dominant |
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Definition
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Term
sickle cell anemia
recessive or dominant |
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Definition
*recessive
changes red blood cells causing them to deliver less oxygen to cells, symptoms include involuntary movement, very painful |
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Term
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Definition
hemophilia
*sex linked=x linked
if mom has it male has 50-50 chance, female only can have it if dad has it |
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Term
chorionic villus sampling
vs
amniocentesis |
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Definition
chorionic villus= 1st trimester sample of placenta
amniocentesis= 2nd semester sample of amniotic fluid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
first labor average
second labor as short as |
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Definition
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Term
| placentas that are not cleanly expelled can lead to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
most common reason for c section
higher risks? |
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Definition
non progression of labor
higher risks of mortality for both infant and mother |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
appearance
pulse
grimace (reflex)
activity (muscle tone)
respirations (breaths per minute) |
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Term
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Definition
7-10 excellent
4-6 will need assistance breathing
3 or less LIFE THREAT |
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Term
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Definition
vernix=white wax
lanugo= fine fuzzy hair |
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Term
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Definition
hyperbilirubinemia
55-60% of babies in 1st week
caused by lack of certain enzyme (immaturity of liver) the facilitates in metabolism of bilirubin
can result in brain damage if untreated |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
neonates that are born weighing less than 90% of other neonates born at the same gestational age
***4 times higher mortality rate than preterm infants |
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Term
very low birth weight
extremely low birth rate
survival rate over 1st year? |
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Definition
3.3 pounds or less
2.2 bounds or less
50% |
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Term
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Definition
| substance in lungs that promotes breathing, major issue for preterm |
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Term
| by 4 months infants will sleep in ___ hour intervals and only ___ hours per day |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rapid eye movement
growth and repair of cells
50% of infant sleep is REM with immediate infection
by 3 months 40% and no longer immediately fall into it |
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Term
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Definition
| flings arm outward after loud noise |
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Term
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Definition
| indication of physiological or neurological impairment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
neonate eyesight
when does it reach 2020 |
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Definition
20/200- 20/600
reaches 20/20 by 2nd half of first year
can distinguish between red and white, not other colors
around 4 months can distinguish other colors |
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Term
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Definition
| depth perception, matures at 3-4 months |
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Term
| breastfeeding rates have risen by ____ in US |
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Definition
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Term
primary emotions
seondary emotions |
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Definition
anger, dear, disgust, surprise, distress, happiness 1st year
shame, embarrassment, guilt 2nd year |
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Term
| watson's behavioral theory |
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Definition
father of behaviorism
believed children should be treated as little adults |
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Term
| seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations--- natural selection etc |
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Definition
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Term
| who did experiment with goslings |
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Definition
Konrad lentz
showed nature tells goslings that first person they see is mom |
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Term
| behavioral genetics is associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| who did monkey experiment |
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Definition
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Term
| john bowlby had what theory |
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Definition
attachment theory
no such thing as too much love |
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Term
| proximity seeking behavior |
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Definition
need to maintain physical contact with an attachment figure
(john bowlby) |
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Term
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Definition
pre attachment phase (1st 3 months)
attachment in the making (transition occurs at 4 months)
focused attachment stage (7-8 months) can hunt for mom |
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Term
| signs of focused attachment |
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Definition
separation anxiety- 7 months
stranger anxiety- 7-8 months - 2
social referencing- baby looks to mom for cues
by 3 children exit focused attachment and carry a working model of his or her caretaker |
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Term
secure attachment
vs
insecure attachment (3 responses)
who came up with this!!! |
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Definition
secure- happy at moms return
*produced by parents ability to baby dance
insecure
a. avoidant- indifferent to reunion
b.anxious-ambivalent: intense distress and difficult to sooth
c. disorganized-: freezing or fear when mom comes back ABUSED BABIES**
mary ainsworth |
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Term
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Definition
| inborn style of dealing with the world |
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Term
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Definition
cognitive development***
driving force between stages is maturation
sensorimotor- 0-2 *object permanence* *motor activities* |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cerebral cortex comes online |
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Definition
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Term
| brain reaches full growth ____ years after birth |
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Definition
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Term
cells form long _____ that are nerve fibers that usually conduct impulses _____ cell body
they sprout tentacles called ______ that are tree like appendages that receive information and conduct impulses ____ cell body
as the dendrites multiply at junctions, the axons and dendrites interconnect, this is called _____
these program every human skill!!! |
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Definition
axons
away from
dendrites, toward
synapses |
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Term
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Definition
| process of forming fatty later encasement of the axons which *speeds the transmission of impulses* |
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Term
neural pruning
when does this occur |
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Definition
| neural death occurs to reduce the number of cells and enhance performance instead (AT AGE 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the brain to pick up and perform functions not usually associated with the area of the injury *new neural pathways developed |
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Term
preferential looking paradigm
habituation |
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Definition
idea humans are attracted to new things
loss of interest when a stimulus becomes familiar |
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Term
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Definition
| we see objects as being same size regardless of its distance from us |
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Term
| when do babies exhibit binocular vision (depth perception) |
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Definition
| 6-7 months (recognize it as something new but not dangerous as early as 2 months) |
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Term
| by first bday baby should have ____ birth weight and ____ hight |
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Definition
tripled weight
doubled height |
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Term
rollover by ___months
sit up by ___ months
crawl by ____ months
steps by ____ months |
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Definition
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Term
cooing
babbling
1st gestures
understanding sentences
spoken word |
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Definition
2 months
4-10 months babling
8-10 months (bye bye)
10-12 months
12 months- first spoken word |
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Term
| toddlerhood according to erikson |
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Definition
1-3
autonomy vs shame and doubt
-developing healthy sense of self from others |
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Term
| there are half as many neurons at age_____ as at ____ |
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Definition
| half as many at age 2, than at birth |
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Term
synapses produces _____ per second
snaptic pruning happens after peak production at age 3 |
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Definition
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Term
| nervous system maturation of the bladder and bowels occurs at age ____ |
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Definition
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Term
toddlers stradle 2 of piagets cognitive stages of development
what are they? |
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Definition
sensorimotor (0-2)
and pre operational through (2-7) |
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Term
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Definition
| one word means many things |
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Term
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Definition
| 18-24 months pace of word learning doubling |
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