Term
| Inheritance of the I system |
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Definition
at birth you have i, no I
as you grow up you get all I, no i |
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Term
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Definition
| High incidence, found on leukocytes, platelets and RBCs |
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Term
| Important antigen/antibody characteristics of I system |
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Definition
| no dosage, enzymes enhance activity, IgM, not clinically significant but can cause vascular occlusion or hemolytic anemia |
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Term
| Inheritance of the P system |
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Definition
| three antigens (P, P1 and PK), codominant |
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Term
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Definition
| P1 phenotype more prevalent in blacks |
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Term
| Important antigen/antibody characteristics of P system |
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Definition
| takes 7 years to fully be expressed, no dosage, enzymes enhance, IgM, not clinically significant but can cause immediate and delayed HTRs |
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Term
| Inheritance of the Duffy system |
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Definition
| 6 antigens (Fyb, Fya most important) |
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Term
| Incidence of Duffy System |
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Definition
| silent allele (Fy a-b-) is common in blacks, |
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Term
| Important antigen/antibody characteristics of Duffy system |
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Definition
| seen as early as 6 weeks, dosage, enzymes decrease activity, IgG, clinically significant |
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Term
| Inheritance of the Kell system |
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Definition
| 32 antigens, worried about K and k (cellano) |
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Term
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Definition
| 99.8% of people have k, K antigen is low frequency, most common phenotype if K-k+ |
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Term
| Important antigen/antibody characteristics of Kell system |
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Definition
| dosage, enzymes do not affect, IgG, clinically significant, only on RBCs, K is immunogenic, induced by pregnancy, detected by IAT |
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Term
| Inheritance of the Kidd system |
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Definition
| two antigens, Jka and Jkb |
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Term
| incidence of the Kidd system |
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Definition
| Jk(a-b+) most common in whites and blacks. Jk (a+b+) most common in asians |
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Term
| Important antigen/antibody characteristics of Kidd system |
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Definition
| dosage, enzymes enhance, IgG, clinically significant |
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Term
| Inheritance of the Lewis system |
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Definition
| 6 antigens, infants are Le (a-b-) |
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Term
| incidence of the Lewis system |
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Definition
| most common phenotype is Le(a-b+) |
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Term
| Important antigen/antibody characteristics of Lewis system |
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Definition
| antibodies in saliva, no dosage, enzymes enhance, IgM, not clinically significant, pregnancy |
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Term
| Inheritance of the MNS system |
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Definition
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Term
| incidence of the MNs system |
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Definition
| most common phenotype is M+N+ in whites and S-s+ in blacks |
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Term
| Important antigen/antibody characteristics of MNs system |
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Definition
| dosage, enzymes decrease, IgM, clinically significant if they react at IS, dialysis patients |
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Term
| Inheritance of the Luthern system |
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Definition
| dominant inheritance, codominant genes |
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Term
| incidence of the Luthern system |
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Definition
| most common phenotype is Le (a-b+) |
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Term
| Important antigen/antibody characteristics of LUthern system |
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Definition
Anti-Lua: dosage, not affected by enzymes, IgM, not clinically significant, naturally occurring
Anti-Lub: IgG, clinically significant |
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Term
| Clinically significant antigen systems (5) |
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Definition
| Duffy, Kell, MNS (M at 37), P, and kidd) |
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Term
| warm reacting antibodies (IgG) |
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Definition
| Duffy, Kell, Anti-U, Kidd, and Anti-s |
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Term
| cold reacting antibodies (IgM) |
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Definition
| Anti-M, Anti-P1, Anti-N, Anti-Lea/b, Anti-S, and Anti-I |
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Term
| antibodies which bind complement |
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Definition
| Anti- Fya/b, Anti-P1, Anti-Jka/b, anti-s/S, anti-Lea, Anti-I, Anti-K |
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Term
| Antigens which exhibit dosage |
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Definition
| Duffy, MNS, Kidd, sometimes Kell |
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Term
| which antigen systems are enhanced by enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antigen systems are destroyed by enzymes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antigen systems are not affected by enzymes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three lewis phenotypes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| high titer low avidity antibodies |
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Term
| Why are HTLA antibodies important? |
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Definition
| . HLA antibodies are important in testing because their reactivity can often mask clinically significant antibodies |
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Term
| What is mean when an antibody is said to be “clinically significant?” |
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Definition
| Red blood cell antibodies that react at 37C and are capable of causing decreased survival of transfused RBCs. |
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Term
| How are lewis antigens formed? |
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Definition
| Antigens are manufactured by tissue cells and secreted into body fluids. The antigens are then adsorbed onto the RBC membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of antigens produced by alleles at a single gene locus or loci so closely linked that crossing over does not occur (or is very rare). |
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Term
| Serological testing determines |
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Definition
| RBC phenotype NOT genotype. |
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Term
| Carbohydrate based systems |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Kidd, Kell, Duffy, Lutheran, MNS, Rh |
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Term
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Definition
| ficin, papain bromelin and chymotrypsin |
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Term
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Definition
| papain or ficin in addition to DTT |
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Term
| What makes the Lewis system unique |
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Definition
| only system that is not manufactured by the RBC. |
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Term
| Where are lewis antigens? |
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Definition
| lymphocytes, platelets and other tissues (pancreas, stomach, intestine, skeletal muscle etc) |
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Term
| When is true lewis phenotype expresed |
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Definition
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Term
| Special attributes of Lewis antibodies |
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Definition
Found commonly in sera from pregnant women
More reactive with O cells than with group A or B cells
Can be neutralized by Lewis Substances present in plasma or saliva |
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Term
| Which is stronger Anti-Lea or Leb? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical significance of Lewis |
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Definition
| at tissue level, associated with ulbers, transplant rejections, H.pylori, cancer, and inflammation |
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Term
| Where are P antigens found? |
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Definition
| RBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, platelets, epithelial cells and fibroblasts |
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Term
| When is P1 fully expressed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| naturally occurring IgM antibody in the sera of P2 individuals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is special about the I i relationship? |
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Definition
| Both are high-incidence antigens expressed in a reciprocal relationship that is developmentally regulated |
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Term
| how can you increase anti-I reactivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What diseases is anti-i associated with |
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Definition
| mono, EPV, leukemia, alcoholism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anto anti-jka/b associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| How early can you see Fya/b? |
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Definition
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Term
| Duffy-Malaria association |
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Definition
| have to have Fya or Fyb to get maleria |
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Term
| Duffy associated hemolysis |
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Definition
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Term
| How early can you see Kell antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What enzymes destory Kell antigens? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are low frequency Kell antigens detected |
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Definition
| Detected through incompatible crossmatches and HDN |
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Term
| What are the low freq Kell antigens |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the high freg kell antigens |
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Definition
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Term
| How early can you see lutheran antigens |
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Definition
| 10-12 weeks, but poorly developed until age 15 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dialysis related, reject kidney |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RBCs have altered gene that prevents the expression of S or s |
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Term
| Who receives Kell and RH matched RBS prophylacticly ? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the most commonly encountered antibodies at IS? |
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Definition
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Term
| most commonly encountered antibodies at 37? |
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Definition
| K, S, s, Fya, Fyb, Jka, and Jkb |
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Term
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Definition
| IgM, Naturally occuring, do not cause HDFN |
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Term
| In what ways do the Lewis antigens change during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Lea and Leb both decrease |
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Term
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Definition
| well developed at birth, susceptible to enzymes, generally saline reactive |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| antibody detection cells will not routinely detect which antibody specificity |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibody is most commonly associated with delayed HTR? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-U will not react with |
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Definition
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Term
| M. pneumoniae patients will develop a cold autoab to |
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Definition
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Term
| At what phase of the antihuman globulin test will anti-Kell be detected? |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the following is representative of Lewis antibodies except: |
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Definition
| They are destroyed by enzymes. |
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Term
| Where are the Duffy antigens found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it relatively easy to find compatible units for a patient with anti-K? |
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Definition
| Kell is a low-frequency antigen |
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Term
| A patient was phenotyped for the presence of Lewis antigens (Lea and Leb). A 3+ reaction was observed when patient cells were incubated with anti-Lea. No reaction was observed with anti-Leb. Based on these results, the patient's phenotype is _____________ and the patient is a ____________ of ABH substances |
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Definition
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