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| Molecule that is a proton donor; any substance that relases hydrogen ions (H+) |
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| Carrier-mediated process that requires ATP and can move substances against a concentration gradient |
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| Class of organic acids that constitute the building blocks for protein |
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| All of the synthesis reactions that occur within the body; requires energy |
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| terms to describe body positions, body regions, specific body areas, and landmarks |
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| the front of the body (Ventral) face chest or abdomen |
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| secretions retained in cell, released when portions of the cell are sloughed off |
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| Molecule that is a proton acceptor; any substance that binds to hydrogen ions.Lower part or bottom of a structure |
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| Specialized extracellular material located at the base of epithelial cells and separating them from the underlying connective tissues |
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| Monosaccharide (simple sugar) or the organic molecules composed of monosaccharides bound together by chemical bonds |
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| All of the decomposition reactions that occur in the body; releases energy |
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| Colored body in the nucleus, composed of DNA and proteins and containing the primary genetic information of the cell; 23 pairs in humans |
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| Rope-like protein of the extracellular matrix |
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| chemical bond characterized by the sharing of electrons |
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| study of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell |
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| protoplasm of the cell surrounding the nucleus |
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| what makes DNA different from RNA |
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| DNA type of nucleic acid found principally in the nuclei of cells; constitutes the genetic material of cells |
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| point of adhesion between cells. each contains a dense plate at the point of adhesion and a cementing extracellular material between the cells |
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| tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration in solution; the product of the constant random motion of all atoms,molecules, or ions in a solution |
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| condensation product of two monosaccharides by the elimination of water |
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| farther from the middle of the body, or farther from an attached end |
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| (posterior) on or toward the back |
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| negatively charged subatomic particle in an atom |
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| substance composed of atoms of only one kind |
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| ductless gland that secretes a hormone internally, usually into the circulation |
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| bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane |
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| double-walled membranous network inside the cytoplasm; rough has ribosomes attached to the surface; smooth does not have ribosomes attached |
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| protein that acts as a catalyst |
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| gland that secretes to a surface or outward through a duct |
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| elimination of material from a cell through the formation of vacuoles |
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| PASSIVE diffusion of solute across a membrane, with help of transport proteins |
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| spindle-shaped or stellate cells that form connective tissue |
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| whiplike locomotory organelle of constant structural arrangement consisting of double peripheral microtubules and two single central microtubules |
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| small channel between cells that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells |
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| secretory organ from which secretions may be released into the blood, into a cavity, or onto a surface |
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| Named for camillo golgi, Italian histologist and Nobel laureate. specialized endoplasmic reticulum that concentrates and packages materials for secretion from the cells |
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| bind the plasma membrane to the network of protein filaments within the cytoplasm called the cytoskeleton |
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| bind the plasma membrane to the network of protein filaments within the cytoplasm called the cytoskeleton |
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| a cylindrically-shaped cell structure found in most eukaryotic cells, though it is absent in higher plants and most fungi |
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| A tiny hairlike projection on the surface of some cells ; moves secretion or fluids across surface of a cell |
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| a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution. |
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The lattice or internal framework of a cell composed of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm, and has a role in controlling cell shape, maintaining intracellular organization, and in cell movement.
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| The liquid component of the cytoplasm surrounding the organelles and other insoluble cytoplasmic structures in an intact cell where a wide variety of cell processes take place. |
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(chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance. |
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| A type of connective tissue that contains collagen fibers, and functions by providing strong connection between different tissues. |
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| The act of developing or disclosing that which is unknown; a gradual unfolding process by which anything is developed, as a plan or method |
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| (developmental biology) The normal process by which a less specialized cell develops or matures to become more distinct in form and function. |
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| capable of recovering size and shape after deformation |
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| covers the whole surface of the body. It is made up of cells closely packed and ranged in one or more layers |
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| non-cellular components of extracellular matrix which contain the fibers |
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| differentiation (specialized cells) form/function |
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| secretions accumulate in cell released when cell ruptures and dies (whole cell is lose) |
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| state of equilibrium in the body with respect to functions and composition of fluids and tissues |
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| denoting the property of attracting or associating with water molecules, possessed by polar molecules and ions |
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| lacking an attraction to water; possessed by non-polar molecules |
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| solution that causes cells to shrink |
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| solution that causes cells to swell |
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| analyzes input and determines response |
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| responses generate stimulus, exaggerate original stimulus |
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| response dresses or reduces the stimulus |
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| one or more tissues functioning together |
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| sensor that monitors the environment, detects stimulus |
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| closer to the point of attachment to the body |
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| a position of the body: lying down with the face up |
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| which is face down, sometimes with the hands behind the head or neck |
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| group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them |
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| study of the function of the body's machinery |
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| anything that occupies space and has mass |
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| equal sharing of electrons |
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| unequal sharing of electrons |
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| (antobolic) reaction building |
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| a. measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution b. scale is logarithmic c. pH of 7 is neutral |
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| simple sugars ex. glucose |
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| structural components of cells (fuel) |
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| triglycerides, nonpolar molecule (dont interact with water very weill |
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Definition
| hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, one fatty acid tails is replaced by a phosphate group |
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| molecules that have the same basic structure, composed of 4 interlocking rings |
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| catalyst: speed up reaction; structural: make up part of the cell; carriers: move things from point A to point B; movement: proteins interact and cause tissues to move; identifiers: self cell, healthy cell |
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| polymers of nucleotides; functions provide information for making proteins |
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| control center of the cell (contains DNA) determines the type of protein produced by the cell |
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| passage ways into and out of the nucleus |
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| dark stained area inside the nucleus, composed primarily of RNA and proteins |
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| material inside the nuclear envelope |
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| composed of proteins and RNA; workbench of protein synthesis; types of ribosomes: free vs attached |
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| vesicle filled with digestive enzymes |
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| vesicle filled with enzymes that detoxify |
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| power house of the cell; site of ATP production; double membrane with two internal compartments: intermembrane space and matrix |
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| short extensions of cell; increase surface area for absorption |
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| parts of the plasma membranes |
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| are attached to the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane |
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| permits the free passage of some substances and restricts the passage of others |
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| diffusion of water (water follows salt) |
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| same solute concentration |
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| "cell eating"endocytosis of solid particles |
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| "cell drinking" endocytosis of fluid droplets |
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Definition
| cytoskeleton, nucleus, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,lysosome, peroxisome, mitochondrion, centriole, cilia, flagellum, microvilli |
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| single layer of cells; found in areas of absorption |
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| more than one layer of cells |
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| all cells attached to basement membrane but not all cells extend to apical surface (false ONE LAYER) |
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| thin, irregular shaped (exchange) |
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| block water and solutes; complex arrangements of proteins connecting it to its neighbors (like welding) |
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| secretions are packed in vesicles and leave via exocytosis ex. sweat glands |
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| serves the function of moving other materials within an organism |
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| material (or tissue) between animal or plant cells |
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| tissue cell of the immune system of vertebrate animals |
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| a neutrophil that ingests small things (as bacteria) |
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| work together as one unit |
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| are melanin-producing cells located in the bottom layer |
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