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EXAM 1 (2/6)-BIOLOGY 103
Ecology of Plants and Biospheres
41
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/26/2009

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Term
Ecology
Definition
study of organisms and the environment: the study of the relationships between living organisms and their interactions with their natural or developed environmen
Term

What are the 5 abiotic factors that affect the distribution of plants?

T.W.S.W.S.

Definition
  1. Tempature
  2. Water
  3. Sunlight
  4. Wind
  5. Soil
Term
Population
Definition
individuals of same species: all the plants or animals of a particular species present in a place.
Term
Community
Definition
Interacting plants and animals: all the plants and animals that live in the same area and interact with one another
Term
Biomes
Definition
major ecological community: a division of the world's vegetation that corresponds to a defined climate and is characterized by specific types of plants and animals, e.g. tropical rain forest or desert.
Term
Abiotic
Definition
Free of living things: not containing or supporting life


Term
Rain Shadows
Definition
As air rises to pass over mountain it loses pressure and starts to rain. On the other side of the mountain is the rain shadow b/c the air has lost all the moisture.
Term
Lake Affects
Definition
Air Gathers moiture over a lake and then when it hits land it cools down and turns into snow and rain (precipitation)
Term
Explain the way the hot and cold air go's through different pressure zones starting from the equater to the N. and S. poles.
Definition

At the equaters the air travels inwards then outwards then inwards etc..

 

The equater is a LP following pattern to HP at the N. and S. poles.

Term
  1. Hot air ____ and cold air _____?
  2. Hot air rises and equals __________?
  3. As air rises it is _____, and can hold less____, which leads to an increase in ____?
  4. This air then moves laterally and drops back down at the 30°zone. Due to this zone being a ____ pressure zone the air drops back down and _____, which leads to the air being able to hold more _____?
Definition
  1. Rises, falls
  2. A low Pressure zone
  3. Cooled, water, precipitation
  4. High, Warms up, precipitation
Term
Name the worlds 9 major biome types?
Definition
  1. Tropical Rain Forest
  2. Deciduous Tropical Forest
  3. Temperate Deciduious Forest
  4. Grassland
  5. Desert
  6. Chaparral
  7. Temperate Rain Forest
  8. Northern Coniferous Forests
  9. Tundra
Term
Tropical Rain Forest
Definition
Extremely high diversity, broadleaf evergreen trees, woody vines adn epiphytes, The soil is very poor in nutrients.
Term
Deciduous Tropical Forest
Definition
Drought deciduos, near the equeator. They have a wet season followed by a long dry season.
Term
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Definition
Winter deciduous, spring ephemeral flora.
Term
Grasslands
Definition
Highly productive regions, prairies or savanah
Term
Desert
Definition
Evaporation exceeds precipitation, Annual componets are an important component.
Term
Chaparral (Mediterranean)
Definition
Dry hot summers and wer mild winters, Vegetations is shrubby and plants have adapted to with stand fires.
Term
Temperate Rain (moist coniferous) Forests
Definition
Low diversity
Term
Tundra
Definition
Permafrost, precipitation is low, low nutrients, vegetation is all low growing.
Term
Deciduous
Definition
Plants that drop there leaves, there can be winter deciduous, drought deciduos etc.
Term
Epiphyte
Definition
Plant that grows on another: a plant that grows on top of or is supported by another plant but does not depend on it for nutrition.
Term
Ephemeral
Definition
short-lived organism: a plant or insect that lives for only a short period of time.
Term
What does it mean if a biome has high production?
Definition
Term
What is a "blow out" and what happens after?
Definition
A blowout is a catostrophic disturbance like a valcano eruption that resets the ecological succession.
Term
Explain Ecological Succesion?
Definition
2 types of Succesion usually happen after a disturbance. Primary and Secondary
Term
Succession
Definition
ecology development of plant and animal community: the series of changes that create a full-fledged plant and animal community, e.g. from the colonization of bare rock to the establishment of a forest
Term
Primary Succession
Definition
The set of changes in communities over rime in areas that are initially devoid of almost all life and where soil has not yet formed.
Term
Secondary Succession
Definition
A combination of changes that take placve where a comnnunity has been removed by a disturbance but the soil remains intanct; fan follow human activity or natural changes.
Term
What would a characteristic be of a pioneer plant?
Definition
firm planting roots like in dune grass
Term
What is a climax ecosystem?
Definition
A community that will remain relatively stable unless upset by a major disturbance
Term
Humus
Definition
A brown or black organic substance consisting of partially or wholly decayed vegetable or animal matter that provides nutrients for plants and increases the ability of soil to retain water.
Term
Disturbance
Definition
a temporary change in average environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem
Term
List and explain the abiotic factors that define an organism's environment?
Definition
Term
Describe how topography can alter the global patterns of moisture distribution?
Definition
Term
Explain sand dune to forest succession?
Definition
Term
Explain the role of plants as producers?
Definition
Term
Describe the movements of matter and energy through the universe with reference to the carious trophic levels?
Definition
Term
Biosphere
Definition
The biosphere is the broadest level of ecological study, the global sum of all ecosystems.
Term
Keystone Species
Definition
A species that has a strong effect on the structure of the community, even though the species itself may or may not be particularly abundant.
Term
Niche
Definition
combination of all the physical and bilogical variables that affect and organism's success
Term
Habitat
Definition
The type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs.
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