Term
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Definition
| orbitals fill in order of increasing energy from lowest to highest energy. (bottom to top) |
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Term
| Pauli Exclusion Principle |
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Definition
| only two electrons can occupy an orbital and their spins must be paired (two e- are antiparallel). |
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Term
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Definition
| when orbitals of equal energy are available but there are not enough electrons to fill all of them, one electron is added to each orbital before a second electron is added to them (fill different orbitals first). |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of an atom's attraction for the electrons it shares with another atom in a chemical bond. |
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Term
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Definition
a measure of the polarity of a covalent bond
(product of the charge on either atom of a polar bond times the distance btwn the nuclei) |
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Term
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Definition
the charge on an atom in a molecule or a polyatomic ion.
FC = (# of valence e-) --
((unshared e-) + (1/2 of shared e-) |
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Term
| Exceptions to the Octet Rule |
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Definition
1. Group 3A - Boron and Aluminum can have 6 e-
2. Atoms of 3rd period can have up to 8 e- (phosphorus)
3. Sulfur can have up to 8, 10, or 12 e- |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom of group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of physical and chemical properties |
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Term
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Definition
| vector sum of the individual bond dipole moments in a molecule (in debyes) |
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Term
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Definition
1. filled valence shells
2. max # of covalent bonds
3. least separation of unlike charge (double bond)
4. negative charge on the more electronegative atom |
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