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EXAM 1 REVEIW
N/A
57
Biology
9th Grade
01/12/2009

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Term
Autotrophs/Producers
Definition
Make their own food
Term
Heterotrophs/Consumers
Definition
Must obtain food from other organisms
EX--- Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores,Detrivores
Term
Biotic Factors
Definition
Living Factors in an environment
Term
Abiotic Factors
Definition
Non-Living Factors in an environment
Term
Niche
Definition
Range of conditions in which an organism lives, and the way that the organism uses those conditions
Term
Population Density
Definition
The number of individuals per unit area
Term
Exponential Growth
Definition
Occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
Term
Carrying Capacity
Definition
Largest Number of individuals that a given environment can support
Term
Ecological Succession
Definition
a series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time
Term
Limiting Factors
Definition
a factor that causes growth to decrease
Term
Density-Dependent Limiting Factors
Definition
Competition, Predation, Parasitism, and Disease
Term
Density-Independent Limiting Factors
Definition
Natural Disasters, seasonal cycles, damming Rivers, Clear-Cutting Forests
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
States:solid, liquid gas
(physical and chemical properities)
Term
Atom
Definition
Basic building block of matter
Term
Ions
Definition
atom that has lost or gained an electron
Term
Isotopes
Definition
atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
Term
Ionic Bonds
Definition
chemical bond between ions where electrons are lost by one elements and gained by another
Term
Covalent bonds
Definition
chemical bonds where electrons are shared between atoms
Term
Hydrogen Bonds
Definition
holds together molecules that contain hydrogen (weaker bond type)
Term
Solute
Definition
substance that dissolves
Term
Solvent
Definition
dissolving substance
Term
Universal Solvent
Definition
Water
Term
Mono saccharides
Definition
simple sugars
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
macromolecules of long chains of mono saccharides
Term
lipids
Definition
used to store energy (fats and oils)
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
uses oxygen and produces 36 ATP molecules for every glucose molecule
Term
Anaerobic Respiration
Definition
no oxygen makes only 2 ATP for every glucose
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
home for cells prokaryotes & eukaryotes
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
maintains cell shape, moves organelles, moves cells eukaryotes
Term
nucleus
Definition
contains genetic material eukaryotes
Term
mitochondria
Definition
produces energy for the cell eukaryotes
Term
ribosomes
Definition
synthesize proteins prokaryotes & eukaryotes
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
manufactures, transports proteins, manufacture fats eukaryote
Term
Golgi Complex
Definition
packages proteins for secretion eukaryote
Term
lysosomes
Definition
digest wastes eukaryotes
Term
chloroplast
Definition
make food plant eukaryotes
Term
vacuoles
Definition
storage plant eukaryotes
Term
cell wall
Definition
stability and protection plant eukaryotes
Term
Semipermeable membrane
Definition
membrane that lets certain materials pass through while keeping other materials out
Term
passive transport
Definition
movement of a substance across a membrane without the input of the cell's energy
Term
diffusion
Definition
movement of materials from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration
Term
Osmosis
Definition
movement of water trying to dilute the other substance
Term
active transport
Definition
uses the cell's energy to move substances across the membrane
Term
transport proteins
Definition
used to move substances across the membrane
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
the removal of wastes through the cell membrane
Term
endocytosis
Definition
portion of the cell membrane engulfs substances outside the cell, then pinches off a sac full of the substance on the inside
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
form of endocytosis when the substance is a fluid
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
form of endocytosis when the substance is a solid
Term
point mutation
Definition
mutation that involves a change in only one nucleotide
Term
frameshift mutation
Definition
a change that shift the reading frame of the gene
Term
chromosomal mutations
Definition
mutations that result from the changes in the structure of the chromosome
Term
deletion
Definition
certain nucleotides are deleted affecting the coding for proteins that use this DNA sequence
Term
insertion
Definition
similar to affects of deletion, nucleotide is inserted into a genetic sequence
Term
inversion
Definition
particular nucleotide sequence is reversed
Term
substitution
Definition
nucleotide is replaced with antoher
Term
translocation
Definition
information from one of two homologous chromosomes breaks and binds to the other
Term
duplication
Definition
mutants genes are displayed twice on the same chromosome because of duplication
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