Term
| What would a drought do to the beak size of a finch in the Galapagos Island? |
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Definition
| The beaks would become larger |
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Term
| Which of the following has the greatest influence on gene frequencies of small populations? |
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Definition
| Genetic Drift because in small, reproductively isolated populations, significant changes in gene frequencies can occur by chance totally independent of mutation, recombination, and natural selection. The smaller the population, the more susceptible it is to such evolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring). |
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Term
| What happens at a particular locus when the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium? |
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Definition
| Genetype and allele frequencies in a population remain constant if there is no evolutionary influences. |
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Term
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Definition
| change in genetic composition of a population over successive generations, which may be caused by natural selection, inbreeding, hybridization, or mutation. |
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Term
| Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? |
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Definition
| involves differential reproductive success |
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Term
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Definition
| describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic diversity decreases and the population mean stabilizes on a particular trait value. |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| heterozygote genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygote dominant or homozygote recessive genotype. The specific case of heterozygote advantage due to a single locus is known as overdominance. |
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Term
| Biological Species Concept |
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Definition
| defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature, not according to similarity of appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanism that reduces the viability or reproductive capacity of hybrid offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| post-zygotic barrier, which reduces a hybrid's capacity to mature into a healthy, fit adult. |
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Term
Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct?
I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation.
II. Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life.
III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is possible. |
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Definition
| Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life. |
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Term
| Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate? |
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Definition
| the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability |
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Term
| What does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become vicariant, or isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. |
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Term
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Definition
| theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionary process by which reproductively isolated biological populations evolve to become distinct species. |
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Term
| How were conditions on the early Earth of more than 3 billion years ago different from those on today's Earth? |
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Definition
| Only early Earth was intensely bombarded by large space debris. |
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Term
| Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend? |
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Definition
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