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| 2 examples Darwin used for evidence of evolution |
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Anaximander- humans evolved from fish
Aristotle- species were fixed and unchanging
Christians- species are fixed and depending on the religion they can be unchanging or change within species |
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Origin of the Species (1859)
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| The hypothesis that all modern organisms descended from a common ancestor |
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| By comparing the anatomy of species, gradual progressions in structural characteristics can be observed |
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| each species inherited the common structure and that evolution led to their unique functions; mammal forelimbs |
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| anatomically different structures which have similar functions; bat wings- insect wings |
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| nonfunctional traits that are functional in other organisms; tails, goose bumps, appendix |
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| the study of developing embryos shows closely related organisms go through similar stages of development |
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| the study of chemistry of living organisms |
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| the study of distribution of species on earth |
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| Entire organisms may be preserved |
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| The process by which species split into two distinct species |
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Geographic
Ecological
Temporal
Behavioral
Mechanical
Gamete |
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| geographic isolation- a river splits a population of squirrels into 2 |
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| reproductive isolation by some intrinsic factor |
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| Physical separation of members of a population |
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Mutations
Gene flow
Nonrandom mating
Genetic drift
Natural selection |
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| Any trait that makes an organism more suited to its environment |
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