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Evolution of Populations Key Concepts
Miller Ch.16
8
Biology
9th Grade
05/28/2009

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Term
In genetic terms, evolution is any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population.
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Biologists have discovered that that there are two main sources of genetic variation: mutations and the genetic shuffling that results from sexual reproduction
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The number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends on how many genes control the trait
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Natural selection of single gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies and thus to evolution
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Natural selection can affect the distributions of phenotypes in any three ways: directional selection, stabilizing selection, or disruptive selection
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In small populations, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals, just by chance. Over time, a series of chance occurrences of this type can cause an allele to become common in a population
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Five conditions are required to maintain genetic equilibrium from generation to generation: There must be random mating; the population must be very large; and there can be no movement into or out of the population, no mutations, and no natural selection
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As new species evolve, populations become reproductively isolated from each other
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