Term
| What is the difference between Micro evolution and Macro Evolution? |
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Definition
| The time-scale over which evolution occurs |
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| Biogeographical patterns show that species on a single continent often share similarities, even if they live in different habitats. This pattern demonstrates that these species |
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Definition
| diverged from a common ancestral species |
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Term
| Transitional fossils show |
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Definition
| the stepwise evolution of morphological traits through time |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in allele frequencies within a population |
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Term
| A factor in the environment that causes some individuals to have higher fitness than others is known as a |
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Definition
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Term
| The genetic contribution by an individual's descendents to future generations of a population is known as that individuals |
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Definition
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Term
| Most evolutionary change is the result of ______ selection, in which _________ of the distribution of a particular trait is favored. |
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Definition
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Term
| Human birthweights fall over a fairly narrow range, and high mortality occurs at both high and low birthweights. This narrow range is maintained by _______ selection |
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Definition
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Term
| Human birthweights fall over a fairly narrow range, and high mortality occurs at both high and low birthweights. This narrow range is maintained by _______ selection |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural selection cannot explain traits that are sexually dimorphic because |
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Definition
| conditions of the environment should not act differently upon males and females |
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Term
| what is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| most sexual reproducers spend energy on sex organs and courtship of mates |
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Term
| in runaway sexual selection, a male trait is initially ________. Females develop a genetic preference for males with that trait, causing the male trait to ______. |
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Definition
| adaptive, become exaggerated |
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Term
| according to the handicap principle, females choose males with maladaptive trait because this trait __________, demonstrating that the rest of the male's traits are _______. |
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Definition
| is costly to produce, high quality |
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Term
| social behavior that can be explained by natural selection has a _______ effect on the donor's fitness and a ________ effect on the recipient's fitness. |
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Definition
| positive, positive or negative |
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Term
| Altruism is most highly developed in eusocial animals with non-reproductive workers. the ______ fitness of these non-reproductive workers will be zero, but their ________fitness will be high |
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Definition
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Term
| Vampire bats will each share a portion of their blood meal with an unrelated individual that fails to feed, as long as that individual shared with them in the past. This behavior is known as ________ and requires __________. |
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Definition
| Reciprocal altruism, long-term relationships and recognition of individuals |
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Term
| Vampire bats will each share a portion of their blood meal with an unrelated individual that fails to feed, as long as that individual shared with them in the past. This behavior is known as ________ and requires __________. |
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Definition
| Reciprocal altruism, long-term relationships and recognition of individuals |
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Term
| Evoeco snails have either five coils or three coils in their shell. The snails tend to mate with snails of the same coil number. This population is not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because it does not meet the requirement of______ |
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Definition
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Term
| the effects of genetic drift will increase as |
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Definition
| population size decreases |
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Term
| We send a group of dogs to colonize a new planet. We randomly end up with only Great Danes and Saint Bernards. The unique characteristics of this colony are due to |
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Definition
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Term
| Inbreeding increases the expression of recessive harmful traits because |
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Definition
| inbreeding increases the proportion of homozygotes in the population |
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Term
| Conservation of small populations can be difficult because _________ makes these populations more susceptible to disease and less adapt to a changing environment. |
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Definition
| reduced genetic variability |
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Term
| in the macroevolutionary pattern known as cladogenesis, the number of species |
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Definition
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Term
| in the macroevolutionary pattern known as cladogenesis, the number of species |
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Definition
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Term
| reproductive isolation is required for two groups to be considered new species because |
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Definition
| reproductive isolation prevents gene flow between the two groups |
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Term
| examples of prezygotic isolating mechanism that may separate two species is |
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Definition
| different mating rituals and different reproductive structures |
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Term
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Definition
| two groups begin to specialize on different ecological resources in the same habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| a small portion of the original species becomes geographically isolated from the rest of the species |
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Term
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Definition
| two approximately equal portions of the original species become geographically isolated from each other |
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Term
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Definition
| neighbors tend to mate with each other so there is reduced gene flow between the two ends of the species' geographic range |
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Term
| Three requirements for evolution by natural selection |
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Definition
variation among individuals (traits that can be selected for)
heritability (traits must be passed)
Differences in fitness (favored traits are passed on at higher frequency) |
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Term
| Why do males compete for mating, while females are choosy. |
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Definition
| Females put more energy in to reproduction, so their fitness is limited by the "quality" of young, whereas males' fitness is limited by the quantity of young. |
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Term
| Explain how altruistic behavior can evolve and be maintained in a population if it reduces an individual's fitness |
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Definition
| When an offspring is altruistic in helping its parents raise their young, it is actually increasing the number of its own alleles in future generations since siblings share a large number of genes. Also, some individuals may not survive on their own. |
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Term
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Definition
| A homeotic gene is a gene that codes for a body structure by turning other genes on or off based on where the cell is in the body or stage of development. |
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Term
| The modern predominance of marsupials in Australia can be explained by |
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Definition
| the isolation of Australia before the evolution of placental mammals |
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Term
| the average annual temperature and precipitation of terrestrial biomes are roughly distributed along a triangle from |
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Definition
| cold-dry to warm dry to warm wet |
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Term
| organisms in the subtropical desert are adapted to minimize their water loss. An example of such an adaptation is |
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Definition
| an animal that spends hot days in a cool humid burrow. A plant with thick leave cuticles. An animal that produces concentrated urine. |
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